Báo cáo " So sánh những hành động của Mỹ và Nga trong cuộc chiến chống khủng bố hiện nay."

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So sánh những hành động của Mỹ và Nga trong cuộc chiến chống khủng bố hiện nay.

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Nội dung Text: Báo cáo " So sánh những hành động của Mỹ và Nga trong cuộc chiến chống khủng bố hiện nay."

S O S f l N H N H U N G H f l N H D O N G C U R AAV V f l N G R TRONG CUOC CHI€N CHONG KHUNG BO HI€N NflV Ths. Tran Bach Hieu, Dang Ngoc Dong, Pham Thj Hien Dai hoc Khoa hoc Xa hoi vd Nhan vdn • • • • Co the thay t r o n g cuoc chien chong d j n h cua hai n u o c , dac biet la cac to chuc khung bo dang dien ra hien nay, ca M y va k h u n g bo. Cho d u co v i l g i i c h nao d i chang N g a da deu la hai quoc gia d i dau manh me nua t h i ca M y v a N g a deu can d a m bao dugc trong viec t h a m gia cac to chuc an n i n h quoc muc t i e u g i u v u n g an n i n h , tao su o n d i n h te, thanh lap cac c o quan, trung t a m chong trong nuoc, k h u v u c cung n h u quoc te, l a m khung bo t r o n g nuac, t h a m gia cac h o i nghi tien de cho su phat trien cua quoc gia va the ve chong k h u n g bo va c u o i cung la thuc t h i hien v a i tro cua c h i n h p h u m i n h d o i v a i su cac hanh d o n g quan su cua r i e n g m i n h . . . v a i t i n n h i e m cua cong dan m o i nuoc. muc tieu chung la n h a m tieu diet cac bang Trong vdn de hop tdc chong khung bo, n h o m , to chuc k h u n g bo dang de doa den xet ve t o n g the, sau v u k h u n g bo 11/09/2001 hoa b i n h , an n i n h cua c h i n h m i n h va toan the nham vao nuoc M y , hai c u o n g quoc d i dau g i a i . H i n h thuc b i e u hien la the n h u n g k h i trong viec c h o n g k h u n g bo la M y va N g a da xet ve ban chat, chung ta se thay dugc n h u n g co nhieu hoat d o n g h o p tac v a i nhau. T h o n g d i e m t u o n g d o n g va khac biet t r o n g n h u n g qua n h u n g t u y e n bo v a qua n h u n g h o i n g h i hanh dong thuc tien cua hai nuoc nay. an n i n h , hai n u a c da tien harm trao d o i t h o n g 1. Nhung diem tuong ddng qua t i n ve A I - Qaeda v a cac n h o m k h u n g b d nhung hanh d o n g t h u c t i e n t r o n g cuoc khac, cung n h u h o p tac cung ngan chan b o n c h i e n c h o n g k h i i n g bo cua M y v a N g a k h u n g bo sd hiru cac loai v u k h i huy diet Hoat d o n g chong k h u n g bo cua ca M y hang loat. H a i nude cung da dua ra n h i d u va N g a deu nham muc tieu dam bao an n i n h bien phap, sang k i e n c h o n g k h u n g bd n h u : quoc gia de h u o n g t o i su phat trien lau dai. D o n g bang tai san cac to chuc hay ca nhan b i Ca hai nuoc deu dua ra rihung hanh dong, n g h i n g d co d i n h l i u den k h u n g b d ; V i e n t r o quan d i e m va cac v a n ban h u o n g den cac doi tai c h i n h cho cac nude t h a m gia chdng k h u n g t u o n g co nguy c o gay p h u o n g hai den su on bo; T a n g c u o n g h o p tac canh sat qudc te va
8 NGHIEN CU*U CHAU A U - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N ° 0 6 (129).2011 cong tac g i u a cac ca quan t i n h bao. Co the N g o a i n h u n g l y do bdt d d n g ve cuoc chien noi n h u n g d i e u nay d u a n g n h u la tat y e u tai Iraq, ke hoach p h o n g t h u ten lira t h i viec trong b o i canh toan cau hoa n h u hien nay v i ca N g a va M y phat h i e n hoac bdt dugc gian m o t quoc gia k h o n g the t u m i n h giai quyet diep cua nhau c u n g da l a m quan he g i u a N g a dugc m o i v d n de dac biet la van de mang va M y d o i luc b i d i n h tre va x a u d i . t i n h toan cau, quoc te neu k h o n g co su h o p Vi kit qua thuc hien cdc hanh dpng, tac. C h i n h v i vay, su h o p tac la rat quan n h u n g dien b i d n t r o n g t h a i gian qua 6 ca hai trong trong b o i canh k h u n g bo va chu nghTa nuoc dang chung minh mot dieu rang: k h u n g bd dang lan rong tren the g i a i n h u Nhung cd gang t r o n g hanh dong chong hien nay. k h i i n g b d cua ca h a i p h i a chua d e m l a i nhieu Trong vdn de hoat dpng tinh bdo, ngoai ket qua so v a i n h i r n g no luc m a ho bo ra. Ca viec hop tac chung t r o n g chia se m o t so phia N g a v a M y deu dang sa lay va gap true thong t i n t i n h bao t h i viec chia se do van con trac a n h u n g v i i n g dat m a ho co hanh dong bi g i a i han kha nhieu b a i ca phia p h u o n g quan su, cu thd v o i N g a la Chechnya va M y Tay va co quan mat v u N g a . Ca hai quoc gia la Afghanistan, Iraq. T r o n g h o n m o t thap nien M y va N g a k h i h o p tac deu co n h u n g hanh qua, N g a da phai chien dau dai dang v o i cac dong "tham d o " lan nhau. the hien qua viec cuoc n o i day ciia c h i i nghTa k h i i n g bo trong gai gian diep cua m i n h vao cac co quan an nuoc. Cac nha chirc trach N g a da thong qua ninh cua nhau. D i e u nay co the giai t h i c h rong rai cac luat ve chong k h i i n g bo, thanh lap tren k h i a canh khac biet ve l g i i c h . Ca M y v a va sira d o i cac to chuc c h i u trach nhiem ve N g a deu theo d u o i n h u n g l g i i c h cua rieng chong k h i i n g bo, va sap xep hgp l y cac chien m i n h trong k h i thuc hien n h u n g hanh dong luge cung n h u cac hoat d o n g chong khiing bo. chdng k h u n g bo. T r u a c k h i co the hap tac, Theo bao cao ciia c h i n h p h i i , cac van de N g a can nam dugc cac thong t i n ve hanh k h i i n g bo d N g a c u o i c i m g da g i a m d i , va dong cung n h u c h i n h sach cua M y va ngugc cuoc chien tren mat tran chong l y khai cuoi lai M y ciing vay. V i e c t h a m do lan nhau ciing da gianh thang l o i . T u y nhien, tren nhdm tranh t i n h trang thu dong k h i hop tac nhung trang t i n tire hang ngay, cac cuoc dung cung n h u g i a m t h i e u t o i m u c tot nhat viec do ciia cac tay siing v d i luc l u o n g an n i n h ciia thieu thong t i n c h i n h xac dan den hanh dong, N g a lai lam tang them m o i n g h i n g d nghiem quyet d i n h sai l a m , tir do danh mat l g i i c h . trong ve nhung tuyen bo chinh thiic do. M a c Day van la v a n de "nhay c a m " m a ca hai dii cuoc sdng d Chechnya co dau hieu b i n h nuoc t h u o n g tranh n o i den true tiep, va thudng, nhung tinh h i n h an n i n h , chinh t r i , t h u o n g t u ngam gai gian diep lan nhau.
9 k i n h te va cac van de xa h o i van con kha cang k h u n g b6 ( x e m 2 bang phi'a d u o i ) . V i e c phat thang, dac biet la a k h u v u c Bac Caucasus. hien ra cac a m m u u c u n g n h u cac phan t u t o i p h a m k h u n g b6 dat d u g c 10 - 2 0 % t r o n g so Bat chap n h u n g no luc dang ke n h a m tit ca cac cuoc tan cong, n h u n g t r o n g do co cai thien nang luc c h o n g k h u n g bo cua N g a , ddn 80 - 9 0 % cac hoat d o n g tan cong k h u n g luc l u g n g an n i n h va c a quan thuc t h i phap bo da dat d u g c m u c d i c h . V a ro rang la cac luat ciia N g a da k h o n g the ngan ngira hoac phan tir k h i m g bo da dat d u g c m u c d i c h dap u n g day d i i cho bat k y m o t cuoc tan nhieu h o n t i r 6 - 8 lan so v a i h i e u qua cua cong k h i i n g bo l a n nao. K h o n g he co su suy cac bien phap c h o n g k h u n g bo cua N g a . giam deu dan ve so l u g n g cac hanh dong Bdng 1: K h u n g bo 6* N g a g i a i d o a n 1997-2001 # > / r So twang dieu tra tdi pham khung bd So lupng cdc cupc tan cong khung bd trong nam trong nam Nam 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 T o n g so 544 2097 3557 4563 5849 419 402 555 860 761 ^ Nguon: Dolgova 2002. Bdng 2: K h u n g bo a N g a g i a i d o a n 2003-2007 r f t f 5 f So twang cdc cupc tan cdng khung bd So twang dieu tra tpi pham khung bd trong nam trong nam Nam 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 T o n g so 8864 9523 5438 1781 759 1193 1688 1439 1068 661 _ 1 ^ • 1 — 1 I 1 , Ngudn: Bp Npi vu Nga - http://mvd.ru/ ' Dan theo: Mariya Y. Omelicheva, Russia's Counterterrorism Policy: Variations on an Imperial Theme, pp. 8, dang tren http://www.terrorismanalysts.conVpt/index.php?option=com_rokzine&view=article&id=70 : Nt.
10 V a y ctieu g i co the giai t h i c h sir t h i e u phat bieu g i d i t h i e u cac d u luat ciia T h u o n g thanh cong cua chien l u o c chong k h i i n g bo vien, Obama dua ra viec bo t r i lai cac lire ciia D i e n K r e m l i n ? T a i sao, a phan cuoi ciia l u o n g ciia M y theo t i r n g giai doan d Iraq . 3 cuoc chien c h o n g k h i i n g bo va hoat dong tai T u y nhien, t r o n g cuoc chidn dai dang nay, Chechnya, k h i i n g bo va cac cuoc tan cong du ciing giong N g a , M y da gap k h o n g it nhirng k i c h lai lan r o n g vao cac phan d k h u vuc kho khan. H a n g ngan t y U S D da b i tieu ton phia N a m ciia N g a m a t r u o c do k h u vuc nay trong cuoc chien c h o n g k h i i n g bo, con so k h o n g b i anh h u o n g b o i k h i i n g bo? Viec t h u o n g v o n g ciia n u d e M y len t d i hang ngan thieu mot c h u o n g t r i n h toan dien ve chong n g u d i . C h i t i n h r i e n g d u d i t h d i T o n g thong k h i i n g bo va viec sir dung v u luc qua miic G. Bush, chi p h i cho cac cuoc chien tai n h u mot p h u o n g tien c h i n h ciia cuoc chien A f g h a n i s t a n va Iraq c i i n g da rat l d n . "Ngoai chong k h i i n g bo da l a m that bai n h u n g no luc thiet mang hon 4.000 binh linh, hang van ciia N g a nham han che su Ion manh ciia chii nguai khde bi thuong, My ciing do vao hai nghia k h i i n g bo. T h e m vao do, cac bien phap chien trudng nay so ngdn sdeh khdng 16. Mot t h u o n g x u y e n k h o n g d i i nang luc ciing da bdo cdo cua Van phdng Ngdn sdeh Quoc hoi can tro hieu qua chong chii nghTa k h i i n g bo My (CBO) ngay 09/09 cho thay cdc nghi sy ciia Nga. nude nay dd phe chudn chi tong cong 858 ty USD cho cupc chien chong khung bo tai Cuoc chien "bao ve nuoc M y " k h d i dau Afghanistan vd Iraq. Theo bdo cdo tren, so tir nam 2001 v d i cuoc chien tai A f g h a n i s t a n tien My chi cho cupc chien trong tdi khoa ma muc tieu la to chirc k h i i n g bo Taliban. 2008 (tinh din 30/09) a mice cao ky luc 186 Cho t d i nay cuoc chien nay van dang tiep tuc ty USD, tdng hon nhieu mice chi 171 ty USD dien ra nham triet tieu cac k h u vuc an nau, cua tdi khoa nam 2007 " . M a t khac, dii da 4 tieu diet cac phien quan T a l i b a n , ngan chan nhieu lan to chirc cac cuoc tan cong quy mo su hop tac giua T a l i b a n va A I - Qaeda. Sau l d n vao sao h u y e t ciia lire l u o n g k h i i n g bo cuoc chien A f g h a n i s t a n , T o n g thong Bush n h u n g cac to chirc k h i i n g bo c h i n h van chua tiep tuc phat dong cuoc chien chong Iraq, b i tieu diet. "Mpt trong nhirng hdu qua nham lat do c h i n h quyen phan dong Saddam chong khung bo cua My vd cdc nude dong Hussen bi t i n h n g h i la phat trien v u k h i hat minh cua My tai khu vuc Trung Dong nhu nhan de doa an n i n h M y va the g i d i , ciing v d i Iraq, Afghanistan... Id: Iraq dd bien thanh viec hau thuan cho to chirc k h i i n g bo A I - manh dat mdi cua chii nghia khiing bo, chu Qaeda. Den T o n g t h o n g B.Obama, chong khiing bo tai Iraq v a n d u o c tiep tuc. Vao 3 Amy Zalman, Ph. D., Obama on terrorism, thang 01/2007, ong de xuat ke hoach " C h i e n http://terrorism.about.eom/oaVissuestrends/a/BarackO bama.htm tranh Iraq leo thang nam 2007". T r o n g bai 4 Vai can ddng minh sau 8 nam chong khiing bo, http://vnweblogs.eom/print/2736/91772
So susih tdiu'iiq, fiusih (Ton// cuu J)Iij oil Qiaa... 11 nghia khiing bo tiep tuc to chiec cdc hoat k h i i n g bo d l t h u c h i e n n h u n g m u u do banh dpng nhdm vao My vd cdc nude dong minh t r u o n g thd l u c n h a m dat d u g c n h u n g l g i i c h ciia My tren the gidi, Taliban vd AI - Qaeda ciia m i n h . M a t khac, m u c d i c h ciia M y con la dang chdn chinh lai. Cung vdi viec vai trd d l c h l n g l a i s u phan d o i ciia nhan dan ve cua bp phdn lanh dao chdp bu ciia AI - viec dua quan den lanh tho cac nuac khac. Qaeda suy yeu di thi ngay cdng cd nhieu td D i l u nay co the thay ro qua n h u n g hanh chiec khung bd ngoai vi trd thanh chii luc dong quan su ciia My d Iraq va phdi dpng cdc dat khung bd. Chii nghia Afghanistan... khiing bd dd nay sinh rdt nhieu khuynh Diem khde biet thie hai Id ve chi phi dau hudng mdi, khien cd the gidi dung trudc tu cho cdc hoat dpng chdng khiing bd ciia cd nguy ca hien thuc ve khiing bd vdi quy md hai nude. ngay cdng ldn. " 5 Sau sir k i e n 11 thang 9, chong k h i i n g bo 2. N h i r n g d i e m k h a c b i e t q u a n h i r n g da t r a thanh c h i i de quan t r o n g hang dau hanh dong thuc tien t r o n g cuoc chien trong ITnh v u c an n i n h quoc gia ciia M y . V i c h o n g k h i i n g bo cua M y v a N g a no, M y da dau t u m o t l u o n g I o n nhan luc va Diem khde biet dau tien trong hanh tai luc. Quoc h o i M y t h a m c h i con t h o n g qua dpng thuc tien ciia My vd Nga dugc the hien Luat Y e u nuac, m a n g den cho c h i n h p h i i d muc dich tham gia cdc td chiec chdng nuac nay n h u n g q u y e n lire t r u a c do chua khiing bo. tirng co. C h i p h i m a M y dau t u cho cuoc chien chong k h i i n g bo la k h o n g nho. Theo N g a tham gia nham l o i keo cac dong CBO, "hoat dpng chong khiing bd trong m i n h ve c h i n h t r i tren t r u o n g quoc te, tranh mudi nam qua dd tieu tdn han 1,2 nghin ty thu su iing ho ciia the g i o i trong cuoc chien ddla ngdn sdeh My" . 6 D a y l a so l i e u d u g c chong ly khai. T r o n g van de chong k h i i n g cac nha phan t i c h thuoc C a quan D i e u tra bo, xuat phat tir n g u y e n nhan chong k h i i n g Quoc h o i M y d u a ra. ( T r o n g danh gia c h i p h i bo ciia m i n h chii yeu la van de l y khai dan giai doan tir 1 1 / 0 9 / 2 0 0 1 , k h i A l - Q a e d a thuc toe, N g a can tieng n o i i i n g ho ciia quoc te de hien vu khiing bo d New York va "de be hanh d o n g " va tranh sir c h i t r i c h ciia Washington, d i n ngay 30/09/2010 - tinh cong dong quoc te. N g u g c l a i , M y m u o n toan k h o n g c h i cac k h o a n cap true tiep cho tham gia de banh t r u o n g the lire, l o i keo cac hoat dong quan sir d Iraq va A f g h a n i s t a n ) . ddng m i n h k h o n g c h i ve c h i n h t r i ma con ca ve quan sir, thanh lap ra cac lien m i n h quan sir..., doi k h i M y d i i n g " c h i e u b a i " chong 6 Hoat ddng chdng khiing bd trong 10 nam qua tieu tdn 1,2 ngan ty dd la ngdn sach My, http://www. baomoi.com/Hoat-dong-chong-khung- 5 Khiing bd vd chdng khiing bd qua lang kinh bdo chi, bo-trong-10-nam-qua-tieu-ton-12-ngan-ty-do-la-nean- Nxb. Thong tSn, Ha Npi, 2006, tr. 143. sach-My/119/5601215.epi
12 NGHIEN CUU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N ° 0 6 (129).2011 Dac biet, t r o n g nam tai c h i n h 2 0 1 1 , ngan khdng he gidm cudng dp" .1 Ngoai nhung sach M y d u k i e n se chi 159 ty dola cho cac hanh dong quan su tren v d i cac quoc gia hoat dong chien d i c h d Iraq va A f g h a n i s t a n . dugc coi la " n o n g bong*' ve k h i i n g bo. hien K h o n g giong M y , N g a k h o n g dat qua nang nay M y dang dat m o i quan tain l d n ciia m i n h viec chong kxiiing bo vao v i t r i hang dau vao cac van de d k h u vuc D o n g A . dac biet trong chien l u o c an n i n h quoc gia nen chi p h i la T r i e u T i e n . T r o n g k h i cang thang d ban chi cho hoat dong nay i t h o n rat nhieu so v o i dao T r i e u T i e n c h u a co dau h i e u ha nhiet thi My. My cung vdi cac nude Nhat Ban. Han Q u o c . . . da co n h u n g hanh dong the hien Diem khde biet thu ba la trong each quan d i e m ve v a n de T r i e u T i e n . Co the ke thuc doi phd vdi cdc hoat dong khiing bd ciia den n h u cuoc tap Uan M y - H a n v d i su tham hai nude. gia ciia sieu hang k h o n g m a u ham USS T r o n g k h i cac phan tir k h i i n g bo am George W a s h i n g t o n , cuoc tap tran quy mo m u u tan cong nuoc M y den t u ben ngoai l d n ciia M y - N h a t keo dai 8 ngay. bat dau tir lanh tho M y t h i N g a lai b i tan cong ngay 03/12/2010 "vdi su gdp mat cua khoang trong lanh tho ciia m i n h . V 6 i M y . cac phan 44.000 quan nhan, 60 tau chien vd 400 may t i i k h i i n g bo c h i n h de doa true tiep den nen bay tir cd hai nude, trong viing bien ngoai hoa b i n h va an n i n h ciia nude nay chinh la A I khoi cdc quan dao phia nam ciia Nhdt, gdn - Qeada va phien quan Taliban. L a n h tho vdi viing bien ciia Hdn Quoc vd trong bien hoat dong chii yeu la tai k h u vuc Trung Nhdt Ban"*... D o n g va Tay N a m A . T r o n g do, M y dac biet N g u g c l a i , cac phan t i i k h i i n g bo tan chii trong den mot so n u a c nhu: A f g h a n i s t a n , cong N g a l a i d t r o n g lanh tho ciia Nga. Co Iraq, Iran, Pakistan... M y cho rang k h i i n g bo cau "trom ngoai de ngan, t r o m nha kho den t u cac quoc gia nay, va m o i chien luge phong". V i d t r o n g lanh tho Nga, bon khung chong k h i i n g bo ciia M y deu nham vao do. bo co dieu k i e n thuan l g i . k h o n g can phai Bang each nay hay each khac, "dau chinh k i e m tra k h i cap visa hay nhap canh va cung quyen ciia Tdng thong Obama dd td rd dd cd k h o n g can phai giai quyet van de van chuyen mpt each tiep can khde vdi chinh quyen Bush v u k h i t u ben n g o a i vao. So v d i M y . ro rang ve cdc vdn de Iraq vd Afghanistan nhung viec chong k h i i n g bo ciia N g a co cai kho cua trong sudt nam 2009. nhirng cupc tdn cdng bdng khdng quan, luc quan vd ten lira vao cdc can cir ciia Taliban d cdc viing nui hiem 7 Xuan Thach, Khiing bd den tic dau , 1 http://suckhoedoisong.vn/20100412024033983p30c86 trd va cdc khu vuc bp lac cua Pakistan vdn /khuna-bo-den-tu-dau.htm 8 Khanh An, Cang thang tren ban dao Trieu Tien vd nhung quan diem chinh tri. http://quocphonganninh.edu. vn/PrintPrevie\v.aspx?ID = 1349
Sf% sdnli nJutng, huu It ttdttg eAaJfLg ad Qtgxi... 13 viec " p h o n g t r o m nha". V i phai cloi mat v o i hang chuc cac quoc gia t u T r u n g D o n g den " t r o m nha", N g a k h o n g the ap d u n g cac bien Bac Phi m a k h o n g he co n h u n g t u y e n bo phap chong k h u n g bo giong M y . Chong c h i n h thiic. "Ngupc vdi cdc tuyen bo tdng k h u n g bo cua N g a chu yeu dua vao hai bien quan "hodnh trdng" tai Afghanistan, cdc phap: v u trang tieu diet de ngat ngon va vo chiin dich quan su tai Yemen vd nhieu quoc ve k i n h te de t r i goc. T u y nhien, do N g a dat gia chua bao gid dugc cdng bo hoac chinh rong nguai thua, dac biet a khu vuc thiec xdc nhan. Cdc quan chuc Nhd Trdng vd Caucasus mat do dan so thap cong them dia gidi tinh bdo ciing thita nhan cdc chien dich hinh phuc tap thuan tien cho cac phan t i i chong khung bo khong chi dugc thuc hien tai khiing bo an nap, nen bien phap v u trang tieu Yemen md con dien ra d nhieu quoc gia khde diet k h o n g m a n g lai h i e u qua cao. Ben canh nhu Somalia, Kenya, Morocco, Algeria hay do, do anh h u o n g ciia k h i i n g hoang tai c h i n h Saudi Arabia" . 10 the g i o i , N g a kho co the chi nhirng khoan Phia N g a co su khac biet hoan toan ve tien l d n cho k h u vuc nay, va bien phap vo ve pham v i so v d i M y . N h u n g hanh dpng quan k i n h te d u o n g nhien bi anh h u d n g lay. su noi bat nhat t r o n g cupc chien chong Diem khac biet thu tu la ve pham vi tien k h i i n g bo ciia N g a la hoat dpng quan su tai hanh cdc hoat dpng quan su cac v i i n g dat l y khai ciia m i n h , cu the la tai nude C p n g hoa Chechnya. N a m 1994, cupc M y tien hanh c h i i yeu d k h u vuc T r u n g x u n g dot g i u a N g a va quan l y khai Chechnya D o n g va Tay N a m A . M y dac biet chii trong phat trien thanh m p t cupc chien tranh. Phia den hai nude d u o c coi la t r u n g tam cua chii N g a b i ton that dang ke, va chien tranh ket nghTa k h i i n g bo la Iraq va A f g h a n i s t a n . D i e u thiic v d i mpt thoa thuan hoa binh nam 1996 nay duoc the hien t h o n g qua viec M y dau t u ma qua do Chechnya dupe cap quyen t u t r i chi phi cho cuoc chien c h o n g k h u n g bo. Can dang ke. Chechnya la m p t nude cpng hoa nho c i i vao d u toan ciia B o Quoc phong va de d phia N a m ciia N g a da t u lau doi dpc lap trinh ngan sach nha nude, co the thay cac k h o i Nga. C u dan Chechnya chii yeu "theo con so ve chi phi quan su cho cac cuoc chien dao Islam, dieu nay so vdi nude Nga theo d Iraq va A f g h a n i s t a n , bao g o m 751 ty U S D Chinh Thong giao cd khde biet rdt ldn vi cho Iraq (chiem k h o a n g 6 7 % tong chi p h i ) , chiing tpc vd vdn hoa" . u Tat nhien, dieu nay 336 ty U S D cho A f g h a n i s t a n ( c h i e m khoang k h o n g dupe N g a chap nhan, b d i n h u n g l y do 3 0 % tong chi p h i ) . N g o a i cac 9 chien dich k h i i n g bo toan cau, M y con thuc hien n h u n g Chi Ha, My md rong cuoc chiin chong khung bo, 10 "cuoc chien trong b o n g t o i " , m d rpng ra http://www.baodatviet.vn/Home/thegioi/My-mo-rong- cuoc-chien-bi-mat-chong-khung- Amy Belasco, The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and bo/20108/108168.datviet Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11, 11 Truong Du, Putin - su trdi day ciia mdt con ngudi, CRS Report for Congress, pp. 5. Nxb. Tu dien bach khoa, Ha Noi, 2008, tr. 101.
14 NGHIEN CLfU CHAU A U - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N ° 0 6 (129).2011 sau: Mot la, neu trao tra doc lap cho g i a m sat hay hoa g i a i quoc te nao, d i i la tir Chechnya t h i se tao nen m o t tien le k h o n g tot, L i e n hgp qudc ciing n h u T 6 chuc A n n i n h va no se k h u y e n k h i c h cac nuac cong hoa tir t r i H g p tac Chau A u . H o l u o n tuyen bo day la khac d o i doc lap, de doa sir thong nhat cua viec rieng ciia ho, va to ra k h o n g hai long k h i nuac N g a ; H a i la, viec do se gay nen bat o n bi quoc te chi t r i c h v i n h u n g v i pham nhan cho nuac N g a a n h u n g k h u vuc nay. N e u quydn d Chechnya. Co thd thay rang, N g a vira Chechnya dugc doc lap, N g a sg rang chinh m u o n dugc c o i n h u ho dang giai quyet mot quyen Chechnya se che c h d cho nhung phan van de quoc te, lai vira m u o n the g i d i quan t u b i N g a t r u y d u o i , v i chi can lot dugc vao tam cang it cang tot ve Chechnya, nhat la bien g i d i cua Chechnya la N g a da khong co trudc cac cao buoc quan N g a v i pham nhan quyen tir y x o n g vao "bat b d " ; D i e u t h u ba, quyen tai day. N g a y 16/04/2009, U y ban cung khong kem phan quan trong la, d C h o n g k h i i n g bo Quoc gia N g a da tuyen bo Chechnya co rat nhieu tai nguyen ma chu yeu n g i m g chien d i c h c h o n g k h i i n g bo keo dai 10 la dau m o . N g o a i ra nhieu d u d n g ong dan dau nam tai n u d e C o n g hoa Chechnya . Tuy t u cac nude T r u n g A d i den N g a va cac nude nhien, sau m o t t h d i gian t u o n g d o i lang diu, chau A u deu d i ngang qua lanh tho cua N g a da phai tiep tuc h u n g c h i u nhung lan Chechnya. C h i n h v i the ma chinh quyen N g a , song tan cong k h i i n g bo m d i . Sir t r d lai ciia ngay t u t h a i T o n g thong Yeltsin da hai lan k h i i n g bo t r o n g n a m 2010 cho thay, cuoc dua quan doi va canh sat vao nham on d i n h chien chong k h i i n g bo ciia N g a se con kha lau tinh h i n h d day n h u n g deu k h o n g dat dugc m d i co h o i ket v a n h i e m v u phia trudc van nhung ket qua n h u y m u o n . D e n t h a i cua con rat nang ne. V a n de Chechnya da tro Putin, mot lan nua N g a chon bien phap quan thanh m o t t h u t a m benh kho chua doi vdi sir khong khoan n h u g n g va bac bo m o i h i n h Nga. Co the thay r o , t r o n g giai quyet van de thuc dam phan. T o n g thong N g a luon goi van Chechnya, N g a k h o n g phai dang d i i n g trudc de Chechnya la m o t phan cua chien d i c h sir lua chon m a la k h o n g co sir lira chon nao chong k h i i n g bo toan cau, coi no n h u cuoc khac d o i v d i c h i i n g h i a k h i i n g b o . 1 3 M a t khac chien ciia n g u d i M y chong A I - Qaeda. T i r can thay rang k h i i n g bo ciing k h o n g the bi trudc t d i nay v d i N g a , nhirng chien b i n h diet t r u tan goc chirng nao tinh h i n h k i n h te d Chechnya l u o n dugc xep vao danh sach n h u n g k h u v u c bat on do chua dugc cai thien. khiing bo va chi co m o t bien phap duy nhat la tan cong tieu diet den ciing, k h o n g khoan nhugng hoac dam phan. T u y nhien, nude N g a 12 An Khanh, Chum anh hoat ddng cua quan doi Nga lai mau thuan v d i c h i n h ho k h i m o t mat coi tai Chechnya, http://www.tin247.com/chum_anh_hoat_dong_cua_q chien b i n h Chechnya la k h i i n g bo, mat khac uan_doi_nga_tai_chechnya-2-21413386.html 13 Truong Du, Putin - su trdi day cua mdt con nguai, lai k h o n g hgp tac hay chap nhan bat c i i su Nxb. Tii diin bach khoa, Ha Noi, 2008, tr. 203.
Stx sdah nhu'n/f hanh (Tpmj eAa /Hi) od QlgxL.. 15 Diem khde biet thu nam la nhung khde dan T r u y e n t h o n g qudc te ve C h d n g k h i i n g biet ve lai ich cung nhu quan diem cua moi bd". Dien dan da d u g c nguoi dung dau nuac trong cdc hanh dpng chong khiing bd. CSTO Nikolai Bordyuzha s i i dung trong nam 2006 de t u y e n bd rang: Cac chien d i c h D o chua cti den t h o n g nhat ve mat quan thong t i n chdng l a i Belarus ciia cac p h u o n g diem tren m o t so van de ve chong k h i i n g bd, tien t r u y e n t h o n g p h u o n g T a y la m d t v i d u nen d o i k h i r m u n g hanh dong ciia N g a b i M y ve su x a m p h a m vao cdng viec n d i bd ciia va cac p h u o n g tien t r u y e n thong ciia M y va dat nuoc v a m u c tieu quan t r o n g ciia D i e n phuong Tay len an. Phia M y va m o t sd nuoc dan la ngan chan qua t r i n h pha hoai do. p h u o n g Tay t h u o n g phe phan hanh dong T h e m m o t v i d u khac, ngay 31/03/2006 6 quan su ciia N g a tai Chechnya, ho cho r i n g : "Chien tranh khong giup gi cho hoat dpng N e w D e l h i , A n D o , T r u n g t a m K h o a hoc va chong khiing bd, no chi cd the lam cho hoat V a n hoa N g a da to chuc m o t h o i n g h i v o i su dpng khung bo cdng hodnh hanh han". tham d u ciia A l e x a n d e r M a s h k i n (Pho g i a m doc C o quan C h o n g k h i i n g bo ciia F S B ) va N g u g c lai ve phia N g a , ca Y e l t s i n va Putin Vyacheslav T r u b n i k o v ( D a i su ciia N g a tai deu manh me dap tra n h u n g c h i t r i c h ciia cac A n D o ) . H o i n g h i da d u g c su dung de cao nuoc p h u o n g Tay. M o t mat N g a tan cong va buoc t i n h bao p h u o n g T a y v d "tieu chudn tieu diet k h o n g n u o n g tay luc l u o n g v u trang "Chechnya dpc lap" vd phdn tu khiing bd, kep - double standards" t r o n g cuoc chidn chong k h i i n g b o . T u y nhien, k h i can N g a 1 6 mpt mat do sice khong khoan nhuong ddi vdi My vd phuong Tdy .u N g a t h u o n g to ra ciing co n h u n g d o n g thai n h a m l o i keo su khong hai l o n g k h i b j M y va quoc te chi t r i c h iing ho ciia M y va p h u o n g T a y . C u thd, vide v i nhung v i pham nhan quyen 6 Chechnya v a N g a lap ra m o t cue t r o n g F S B - Cue C h i dao tuyen bo do la viec rieng ciia m i n h va quyet ve D a u tranh C h d n g c h u nghia k h i i n g bo dinh k h o n g hop tac v o i L i e n h o p quoc cung quoc td ( U B M T F S B ) 1 7 va viec Pho g i a m n h u T o chuc A n n i n h va H o p tac Chau A u . doc F S B t r o thanh dai d i e n dac biet ciia T d n g V a n h u de "dap tra", chdng l a i n h u n g cao buoc ciia M y va cac c o quan truyen thong ciia M y , viec tien hanh cac h o i n g h i da dugc va Tajikistan. Tai Tashkent ngay 7 thang 10 n3m N g a su dung triet de de thuc hien " y d o " do. 2002, Tong thdng cac nude ndi tren da ki HiSn chuong thanh lap t6 chuc nay. Cu the, nam 2004, T o chuc H i e p uoc A n 16 Agentura.Ru, FSB's approach to international cooperation, ninh Tap thd ( C S T O ) 1 5 da thanh lap " D i e n http://www.agentura.ru/english/dossier/fsb/internation alcooperation/ 14 Truong Du, sdd, tr. 178-179. 1 Sergey G. Vasin, Efforts of Russian Ministries in 15 To chirc Hiep udc An ninh Tap the (tilng Nga: Implementing Measures to Prevent Acts of Terrorism, OpcamaaifUH Jfozoeopa o Kojinexmueuou PP- 104, dang tren Ee3onacnocmu) la mot lien minh quan sir giua cac http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php7recordjdH 1698 nude Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Nga &page=104
16 NGHIEN COU CHAU A U - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N ° 0 6 (129).2c 1 f \ / ' ' '18 ^ l o i i c h an n i n h qudc gia n h u n g no l u o n vap thong ve c h o n g k h u n g bo quoc te , d u o n g n h u dugc dua ra c h u y e u la de co dugc su phai n h u n g rao can t r o n g n g u y e n tac quoc te dong y cua p h u o n g T a y d o i v o i van de dan n h u viec sir d u n g v u luc. Phia N g a co ve n h u do n h u n g phan t i i k h i i n g bo Chechnya dang dat m i n h vao hang n g u d o n g m i n h ciia M y va t h u o n g t n i tai cac n u o c p h u o n g Tay - dieu Tay A u trong cuoc c h i d n c h o n g lai A I - nay the hien ro su t i n h toan l g i i c h ciia N g a Qaeda va d d n g t h a i N g a c i i n g y e u cau n h u n g trong viec giai quyet van de Chechnya. n u a c k i a hop tac t r o n g viec t i e u t r u phien loan tai Chechnya. T r o n g k h i do, k h i i n g bo a Tdm lgi, chii nghia k h i i n g bo va cuoc M y l u o n la cac m o i de doa tir ben ngoai lanh chien chong chii nghTa k h i i n g bo ciia nuoc tho x a m nhap vao, anh h u o n g true tiep den M y va N g a trong n h u n g nam dau ciia the k i an n i n h quoc gia. V i vay, M y phai ap dung X X I da. dang va van se la c h i i de thao luan rihung b i e n phap quan su c i m g ran, nhung quan trong t r o n g g i a i nghien c u u tren the hoat d o n g n g o a i giao quyet liet nham tieu g i a i va dac biet la g i o i nghien c u u c h i n h t r i diet "tan g o c " cac to chuc k h i i n g bo. Tuy hoc. T r o n g cuoc chien chong lai chii nghTa nhien, de han che mot each t o i da nliung k h i i n g bo tren the g i a i n o i len vai tro ciia hai mam m o n g k i l l i n g bo, "thay vi tdng quan, quoc gia la M y va N g a . H a i nuac nay da va Hoa Ky cdn mpt chien luge ngogi giao trong dang tien hanh cuoc chien chong chii nghTa todn khu vuc nhdm thay the dpi quan chiem k h i i n g bo v o i n h u n g muc dich ciia rieng ho. dong cua To chuc Hiep udc Bde Dgi Tay T r o n g do. co the thay quan d i e m chong Ducmg (NATO) do My lanh dgo bang mpt khiing bo ciia N g a co phan khac so v a i M y : lien minh da qudc gia giup dem lai mpt co khiing bo a N g a la k h i m g bo mang mau sac che phdn chia quyen hanh vd mpt co cdu sac toe ton giao. Day la m o t m o i de doa l a n chinh quyen moi. Guong may nhd nude se doi v a i nen an n i n h ciia Nga. Viec chong bao gom nhieu phdn tu Taliban on hda dd tit khiing bo a N g a chii y e u la chong lai su l y bd AI- Qaeda vd cdc to chuc khung bo khde khai dan toe a Chechnya va Dagestan. C h i n h vd giup thuc thi cdc bien phap cham dut bao quyen N g a da co n h u n g bien phap m a n h me luc. " , 9 va c i m g ran h o n so v a i t r u a c n h a m tieu diet cac luc l u g n g va cac am muu khiing bo. Cuoc chien chong k h i m g bo tai N g a co nhieu van de trong quan he quoc te. T u y hanh dong ciia N g a l u o n m a n g quan d i e m phuc v u cho Anatoly Safonov. cuu Pho giam doc dau tien ciia FSB, duoc bo nhiem lam dai dien die biet ciia Tdng thong Lien bang Nga ve hop tac quoc te trong cuoc chien chong khiing bo va tpi pham co to chuc xuyen 19 Nguyen Trudng, The giai thdi hdu Chiin tranh quoc gia. Lanh, Nxb. Tri thiic, Ha Npi, 2010, tr.538.