Figure Drawing - Ox

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Ox (domestic cattle) characteristics: Unbranched, permanent horn has bony core covered with hard sheath, present usually in both male and female. Horns often cut off by owner ("polled"). No front teeth (incisors) in upper jaw; lower incisors press against toughened skin of palate. Ulna complete, but thin and fused to thicker radius. Only the upper and lower ends of the fibula are present, connected by a fibrous cord that replaces the shaft. The lower end is attached to the underside of the outer portion of the tibia. Four digits with hoofs per limb. Two central toes are large and...

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Nội dung Text: Figure Drawing - Ox

122 OX » ANATOMY anatomicawingafterellendergerpopes Ox (domestic cattle) characteristics: Unbranched, permanent horn has Extensor digitorum brevis; EDC Extensor digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digitorum longus; ExAbO External abdominal bony core covered with hard sheath, present usually in both male and oblique; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; FDP Flexor digitorum female. Horns often cut off by owner ("polled"). No front teeth (incisors) profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superficialis; Front Frontalis; GasLa in upper jaw; lower incisors press against toughened skin of palate. Ulna Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GasMe Gastrocnemius, medial head; Glubi complete, but thin and fused to thicker radius. Only the upper and lower Gluteobiceps; GluMe Gluteus medius; Iliac Iliacus; Ilioc Iliocostalis; InAbO Internal abdominal oblique; Infra Infraspinatus; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LatNa ends of the fibula are present, connected by a fibrous cord that replaces Lateralis nasi; LeNas Levator nasolabialis; LLaMx Levator labii maxillaris; LonAt the shaft. The lower end is attached to the underside of the outer por- Longissimus atlantis; LonCa Longissimus capitis; Long! Longissimus; Malar tion of the tibia. Four digits with hoofs per limb. Two central toes are Malaris; Mass Masseter; Myloh Mylohyoid; OCCra Obliquus capitis cranialis; large and weight bearing; vestigial inner and outer toes, with hoofs, are Omotr Omotransversarius; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; OrOr Orbicularis oris; PecAs Pectoralis ascendens; PecDe Pectoralis descendens; PecTr Pectoralis transversus; very small and located higher on side of foot and to the rear (they do not PerLo Peroneus longus; PerTe Peroneus tertius; Pop Popliteus; PrTer Pronator articulate with the skeleton and do not touch the ground). Walks on feres; RecAb Rectus abdominis; RecFe Rectus femoris; Rhom Rhomboid; SacLi toes. Long, horizontal back line. Males tend to be bulky and muscular, Sacrotuberal ligament; Sart Sartorius; SerDC Serratus dorsalis caudalis; SerVC Serratus ventralis cervicis; SerVT Serratus ventralis thoracis; Smemb whereas females are more angular, muscles less developed, with numer- Semimembranosus; Sol Soleus; Splen Splenius; Stend Semitendinosus; Sthy ous prominent bony landmarks showing. Sternohyoid; Stman Sternomandibularis; Stmas Sternomastoid; Stthh Sternothyrohyoid; Stthy Sternothyroid; Supra Supraspinatus; SusLi Suspensory AbDIL Abductor digit! I longus; Adduc Adductor; AT Achilles' tendon; Bicep ligament; TeMaj Feres major, TeMin Teres minor; Temp Temporalis; TenFA Tensor Biceps brachii; Brach Brachialis; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Bucc Buccinator; Canin fasciae antibrachii; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; TibCr Tibialis cranialis; Trap Caninus; Clmas Cleidomastoid; ClOcc Cleido-occipitalis; Coccy Coccygeus; DelAc Trapezius; TrILa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head; Deltoid, acromial portion; DelSc Deltoid, scapular portion; DLaMn Depressor labii UlLat Ulnaris lateralis; VasLa Vosfws lateralis; Zyg Zygomaticus. mandibularis; DLaMx Depressor labii maxillaris; ECR Extensor carpi radialis; EDBr
OX > ANATOMY 123 DEEP MUSCLES SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES
124 OX + ANATOMY AbDlL Abductor digiti I longus; Brach Brachialis; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Bucc PecTr Pectoralis transversus; PerLo Peroneus longus; PerTe Peroneus tertius; Buccinator; Clmas Cleidomastoid; ClOcc Cleido-occipitalis; Delt Deltoid; DLaMn PLig Patellar ligaments; PrTer Pronator feres; RecFe /tech/s femoris; Stman Depressor labii mandibularis; ECR Extensor carpi radialis; EDC Extensor digitorum Sternomandibularis; Stmas Sternomastoid; Stthh Sternothyrohyoid; Subcl communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digitorum longus; Subclavius; SusLi Suspensory ligament; Temp Temporalis; TenFL Tensor fasciae FCR F/exor carp/ radialis; Front Frontalis; Glubi Gluteobiceps; LatNa Lateralis nasi; latae; TibCr Tibialis cranialis; Trap Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; LeNas Levator nasolabialis; Malar Malaris; Mass Masseter; Myloh Mylohyoid; VasLa l/asfus lateralis; VasMe l/asfr/s medialis; Zys Zygomaticus. Omotr Omotransversarius; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; PecDe Pectoralis descendens;
OX + ANATOMY 125 Coccy Coccygeus; EDLat Extensor digitorum lateralis; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; Peroneus long us; SacLi Sacrotuberal ligament; Smemb Semimembranosus; FDP Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superficialis; Gastr Stend Semitendinosus; SusLi Suspensory ligament; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; Gastrocnemius; Glubi Gluteobiceps; GluMe Gluteus medius; Grac Gracilis; PerLo Tricp Triceps brachii; UlLat Ulnaris lateralis.
126 OX > ANATOMY Brcph Brachiocephalicus; ClOcc Cleido-occipitalis; Coccy Coccygeus; DelAc nasolabialis; Long! Longissimus; Omotr Omotransversarius; SacLi Sacrotuberal Deltoid, acromial portion; DelSc Deltoid, scapular portion; ExAbO External ligament; SerDC Serratus dorsalis caudalis; Temp Temporalis; TenFL Tensor abdominal oblique; Front Frontalis; Glubi Gluteobiceps; GluMe Gluteus medius; fasciae latae; Trap Trapezius; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head. InAbO Internal abdominal oblique; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LeNas Levator
OX > PHOTOGRAPHS 127 DEVON (FEMALE) HOLSTEIN (FEMALE) LEFT FRONT LIMB OUTSIDE VIEW BROWN SWISS (FEMALE) Bos taurus
128 OX > CROSS SECTIONS drawing note to cross sectionafter popesco ellenberger
OX > CROSS SECTIONS 129 FORELIMB HIND LIMB Mduc Adductor; AncAnconeus; AT Achilles' tendon; Bleep Biceps brachii; Brach Omotransversarius; PecAs Pectoralis ascendens; Pert Pert/news; PecTr Pectoralis Brachialis; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Bucc Buccinator; C2 Second cervical verte- transversus; PerLo Peroneus longus; PerTe Peroneus tertius; PrTer Pronator teres; bra; C4 Fourth cervical vertebra; Clmas Cieidomastoid; ClOcc Cleido-occipitalis; Ptery Pterygoid; Rad Radius; RCDor /tecfr/s cop/Y/s dorsalis; RecAb flectas obdo- Corac Coracobrachialis; Digas Digastric; ECR Extensor carpi radialis; EDC Extensor m/ms; RecFe ffecfus femoris; Rhom Rhomboid; Sart Sartorius; ScalM Scalenus digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digito- medius; SeDCr Serratus dorsalis cranialis; SemCa Semispinalis capitis; SerVC rum longus; Esoph Esophagus; ExAbO External abdominal oblique; FFCR F/exor Serratus ventralis cervicis; SerVT Serratus ventralis thoracis; Smemb carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; FOIL Flexor digiti I longus; FDLon F/cxor Semimembranosus; Spin & Semsp Spinalis & semispinalis; Splen Splenius; digitorum longus; FDP Flexor digitorum profund us; FDS Flexor digitorum superfi- Stend Semitendinosus; Sthy Sternohyoid; Stman Sternomandibularis; Stmas cialis; Fern Femur; Front Frontalis; Glubi Gluteobiceps; GluMe Gluteus medius; Sternomastoid; Stthy Sternothyroid; SusLi Suspensory ligament; T8 Seventh tho- Grac Gracilis; Hum Humerus; Ilioc Iliocostalis; InAbO Internal abdominal oblique; racic vertebra; TenFA Tensor fasciae antibrachii; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; Tib Intcs Intercostals; Inttr Intertransversarii; JugV Jugular vein; L5 /7/?/7 lumbar verte- r/Wo; TibCa 77Wa//s caudalis; TibCr 77/)/a//s cranialis; Trach Trachea; Trap bra; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LevCo Levator costae; LngCa Longus capitis; LngCo Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head; Longus colli; LonAt Longissimus atlantis; LonCa Longissimus capitis; LonCe TriMe Triceps brachii, medial head; TrnAb Transversus abdominis; UlLat Ulnaris Longissimus cervicis; Longi Longissimus; Mass Masseter; MetcL iarge lateralis; Uln U/no; Vasln Vosfus intermedius; VasLa l^asfus lateralis; VasMe metacarpal; MettL large metatarsal; Mult Multifidus; Myloh Mylohyoid; NuLig Vosfus medialis. Nuchal ligament; OCCau Obliquus capitis caudalis; Omohy Omohyoid; Omotr
13O BOVID > PROPORTION OX/DOMESTICATED CATTLE (JERSEY) AMERICAN BISON AFRICAN BUFFALO
BOVID > PROPORTION 131 MOUNTAIN GOAT BIGHORN SHEEP PRONGHORN ANTELOPE
132 DOG » ANATOMY anatomical drawings after ellenberger,done,fromdissections Dog (canid) characteristics: Anatomy is the same in various domestic FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; FCU-HH Flexor carpi ulnaris, humeral head; FCU-UH breeds and wild species—major difference is size and proportion Flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnarhead; FDP Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digi- torum superficialis; GasLa Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GasMe Gastrocnemius, (Dachshund to Great Dane). Typically with elongated skull—snout long medial head; GluMe Gluteus medius; GluSu Gluteus superficialis; Grac Gracilis; and narrow (some domestic breeds have short muzzles). Large canines. Ilioc Iliocostalis; InAbO Internal abdominal oblique; Infra Infraspinatus; IntDC Cheekteeth with sharp edges for shearing. Large, pointed ears—upright Intertransversarii dorsales caudae; Inter Interossei; IntVC Intertransversarii ven- tralis caudae; LAOM Levator anguli ocuti medialis; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LeNas in all wild species and in many domestic breeds; hanging in some breeds. Levator nasolabialis; LLaMx Levator labii maxillaris; Longl Longissimus; Malar Deep chest (top to bottom); long, thin limbs. Five digits on front limb Malaris; Mass Masseter; Myloh Mylohyoid; Omotr Omotransversarius; OrLig (thumb reduced), four on hind limb (big toe absent). Blunt, nonretractile Orbital ligament; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; OrOr Orbicularis oris; PecDe Pectoralis claws. Walks on toes. Forearm does not rotate (pronate/supinate). Long, descendens; PecPr Pectoralis profundus; PecTr Pectoralis transversus; PerBr Peroneus brevis; PerLo Peroneus longus; Pop Popliteus; PrTer Pronator teres; bushy tail usually in wild species. Lives from the arctic to the tropics. RAOL Retractor anguli oculi lateralis; RecAb Rectus abdominis; RecFe Rectus femoris; Rhom Rhomboid; SacDL Sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis; SacLi AbDl L Abductor digit! I longus; AbDiS Abductor digit! V; Adduc Adductor; Anc Sacrotuberal ligament; SacVL Sacrocaudalis ventralis lateralis; Sart Sartorius; Anconeus; KT Achilles' tendon; Bicep Biceps brachii; BiFemDp Biceps femoris, ScalM Scalenus medius; SerDC Serratus dorsalis caudalis; SerVC Serratus ven- deep head; BiFemSu Biceps femoris, superficial head; Brach Brachialis; Brcph tralis cervicis; SerVT Serratus ventralis thoracis; Smemb Semimembranosus; Spin Brachiocephalicus; Brrad Brachioradialis; Bucc Buccinator, Canin Caninus; Clbra & Semsp Spinalis & semispinalis; Splen Splenius; Stcph Sternocephalicus; Stend Cleidobrachialis; Clcer Cleidocervicalis; Coccy Coccygeus; DelAc Deltoid, acromial Semitendinosus; Sthy Sternohyoid; Stmas Sternomastoid; StOcc Sterno-occipi- portion; DelSp Deltoid, spinal portion; Digas Digastric; ECR Extensor carpi rodi- talis; Stthy Sternothyroid; Supra Supraspinatus; TeMaj feres mo/or; TeMin Teres alis; ECU Extensor carpi ulnaris; EDBr Extensor digitorum brevis; EDC Extensor minor; Temp Temporalis; TenFL Tensor fasciae tatae; TibCr Tibiatis cranialis; Trap digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum tateralis; EDLon Extensor Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head; digitorum longus; ExAbO External abdominal oblique; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; TriMe Triceps brachii, medial head; VasLa Vosfus lateralis; Zyg Zygomaticus.