Hệ thống tự động hóa trạm biến áp lưới điện truyền tải

Nghien cilu &<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Tram bit if 'Or\ Anh TS<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> He thdng<br /> t\i ddng hoa<br /> tram bien ap \\td\ dien truyen tai<br /> ThS. NGUYEN THAI SON dieu kien, dd la: Sap xep lai md hinh to chUc van hanh; thUc<br /> TrUdng Ban Ky thuat hien tu ddng hoa cao vdi mUc do dau tU thiet bi tUdng<br /> Td'ng cdng ty Truyen tai dien Qudc gia xUng; dao tao nhan IUc cd trinh dp va dac biet can chuyen<br /> ddi cac he thdng tieu chuan, quy trinh van hanh phii htip,<br /> khoa hpc.<br /> ram bien ap khdng ngUdi trUc van hanh, hoac ft Bai bao nay gidi thieu mdt sd ap dung tU ddng hoa tram<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> T ngUdi trUc van hanh dang dUtic nhieu nUdc chau A,<br /> trong dd cd Viet Nam Ung dung, nham: Nang cao<br /> nang suift va hieu qua lao ddng, giam tdi da nhan<br /> IUc lao ddng; giam thieu dau tU cap, cac thiet bj trung gian,<br /> niing cao do tin cay lam viec chinh xac ciia thiet bj, dam<br /> bien ap tai Viet Nam dUdc ap dung thf diem tren lUdi dien<br /> truyen tai ciia Tong cdng ty Truyen tai dien Qudc gia (NPT).<br /> <br /> I. THiiC TRANG CAC HE THONG TDH<br /> TRAM BIEN AP DANG Dl/tfC SLT DUNG<br /> bao cung cap dien an toan lien tuc cho phu tai; giam thieu TRIIN LLT^I DIEN THUOC TAP DOAN<br /> sU cd do thao tac nham ciia ngUdi van hanh, nang cao mUc DIEN LL/C VIET NAM (EVN)<br /> do an toan cho ngUdi van hanh; dap Ung cac yeu cau ciia Cac tram bien ap tren lUdi dien truy'en tai d cifp dien ap<br /> van hanh thj trUdng dien. 500 kV, 220 kV hien tai dUtic ap dung, trang bj he thdng tU<br /> Tuy nhien, de thUc hien md hinh tram bien ap khdng ddng hoa tram d cac mUc do khac nhau, cd the phan ra<br /> ngUdi trUc hoac it ngUdi trUc van hanh phai kem theo nhieu thanh cac mUc sau:<br /> <br /> 22| KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE • (S6 1 - 4/2010)<br />  Nghien cilu & .rien khai<br /> <br /> 1.1 Tram bien ap ap dung he thong giam sat nam 1998 den nay, dien hinh la cac tram tren lUdi Truyen tai<br /> di'eu khien kieu truyen thong: dien mi'en Bac nhUTBA 500 kV ThUdng Tin, Nho Quan, tram<br /> Oay la cac tram bien ap cu, dUdc dUa vao van hanh tU 220 kV Nam Ojnh la tram d'au tien tren lUdi truy'en tai dien<br /> nhUng nam 1998 trd ve trUdc, die'n hinh la cac tram tren mien Bac dUtic trang bj he thdng giam sat, di'eu khien bang<br /> iudi Truyen tai dien mien Bac nhUTBA 500 kV Hoa Binh, Ha may tfnh va mdt loat cac TBA 220 kV dUtic dUa vao van<br /> Tfnh; TBA 220 kV Ha Ddng, Chem, Odng Hoa, Ninh Binh, Ba hanh sau nam 2000 nhu TBA Sdc Sdn, Bac Giang, Trang<br /> Che, HUng Odng; mien Trung la cac TBA 500 kV Da Nlng, Bach, Phd Ndi, Viet Tri, Yen Bai, Vinh Yen. Tram 220 kV Mai<br /> Pleiku, TBA 220 kV Odng Hdi; mien Nam la cac TBA 220 kV Odng la tram dUdc nang cifp cai tao tU he thdng giam sat<br /> Long Binh, Cai Lay.. Odi vdi cac TBA nay, mUc do tU ddng di'eu khien truy'en thdng thanh tram may tinh, tUdng tU lUdi<br /> hoa cdn han che, cu the: TTO mi'en Bac, tren lUdi TTO mi'en Trung va mi'en Nam,<br /> - ChUc nang dieu khie'n cac thiet bj TBA bao gdm: Oieu trong nhUng nam gan day, djnh hUdng d'au tU xay dUng<br /> khien ddng cat may cat dien, dao each ly va chuyen nac cung deu dUa vao sU dung he thdng dieu khien giam sat<br /> phan ap ciia cac may bien ap IUc, trong cac thao tac dieu tram bang may tinh.<br /> khien neu tren chi cd thao tac di'eu khien ddng cat may cat Danh gia Uu nhUdc diem cac he thong giam sat di'eu<br /> dien la dUdc dieu khien tUxa tU phdng dieu khien trung tiim khien bang may tinh:<br /> ciia tram thdng qua cac niit an hoac khoa dieu khien, cdn LTU diem: Tfnh Uu viet ciia he thdng dieu khien tfch htip<br /> cac thao tac dieu khien cdn lai ddi vdi DCL, chuyen nifc bd la kha nang thu thap, xU ly va IUu trCf mdt IUdng thdng tin<br /> dieu ap dudi tai ciia MBA thUdng dUtic thUc hien bang tay rat Idn vdi mUc dp chi'nh xac cao v'e mat thdi gian nhd Ung<br /> tai thiet bj. Han che nay mdt phan do thiet bj la thiet bj cu dung cdng nghe thdng tin. - Hien thj day du dU lieu (tUdng<br /> khdng dUdc trang bj cac chUc nang dieu khie'n tU xa nhu tu nhu tren cac tu Control Panel, Relay Panel ddi vdi dang<br /> cac DCL khdng cd truyen ddng bang ddng cd..., ngoai ra thiet ke truyen thdng) tren man hinh (HMI); thu thap dU<br /> cdn do he thdng mach lien ddng dam bao an toan cho con lieu; thdng tin sU cd; truy cap trUc tiep vao thiet bi IDE, I/O<br /> ngUdi va thiet bj khdng dam bao an toan khi thao tac tU xa. tai phdng di'eu khien khi can thiet. Ngoai ra, he thdng dieu<br /> - ChUc nang giam sat TBA: ThUdng dUtic thUc hien khien tfch hdp cdn dUdc xay dUng cho phep ngUdi sU dung<br /> thdng qua cac bang tfn hieu sU dung anh sang va am thanh, theo ddi, kie'm tra, thao tac d nhieu mUc khac nhau: MUc tai<br /> tfn hieu ciia tUng ngan Id dUdc bd trf va canh bao rieng cho dieu dp, mUc tai phdng dieu hanh va dieu khien d mUc<br /> tUng ngan, chUc nang do IUdng giam sat thdng sd van hanh ngan, vi vay, kha nang dU phdng khi mdt trong cac mUc bj<br /> cua cac dudng day, MBA cung bd tri va trang bj rieng cho true trac rift cao. Giam sat dieu khien va thu thap dU lieu tU<br /> tUng ngan, chUa cd he thdng tfch htip thdng dn va xU ly xa (SCADA), cd kha nang trao ddi thdng tin rdng rai toan he<br /> canh bao chung cho toan tram. thdng va xay dUng tram khdng ngUdi trUc trong tUdng lai.<br /> - ChUc nang lien ddng: Deu thUc hien thdng qua lien V'e lau dai, cd the thUc hien nhUng chUdng trinh thao tac tU<br /> ddng di day cUng, sU dung khdi lUting Idn cap ddng va ddng nhU tU dgng cd lap tu bii dgc, ghi thdng sd van hanh<br /> thudng gap nhieu riii ro ke ca trong thiet ke va thi cdng tu ddng; kha nang cd the thUc hien cac chUdng trinh thao<br /> mach lien ddng. tac tu ddng chuyen thanh cai, chuyen ngan Id, chUdng trinh<br /> - ChUc nang bao ve: Trong nhUng nam giin day, hau het kiem soat van hanh qua tai may bien ap; quan ly va IUu trU<br /> cac ngan Id tU cifp dien ap 110 kV trd len dUtic thay the canh bao, dU lieu sU kien; truy cap bao tri tU xa; ky thuat<br /> trang bj lai, sU dung cac htip bd rdle bao ve ky thuat sd vdi ket ndi dUa tren cac Ung dung trinh duyet Web cho phep<br /> cac Uu diem vUtit trdi so vdi the he rdle dien cd trUdc kia. truy cap trUc tiep cac thiet bj tU xa de Iify dU lieu can thiet<br /> 1.2 Tram bie'n ap du'dc trang bi he thd'ng giam sat thdng qua mang dien rdng; thUc hien lien ddng bang phan<br /> dieu kien bang may tinh: mem (lien ddng mem) tang tfnh linh hoat trong van hanh<br /> Day la cac tram bien ap mdi, dUiic dUa vao van hanh tU ddi vdi cac sd dd ket day khac nhau ciia tram, dam bao an<br /> toan thao tac va giam dang ke IUdng cap dien de dau ndi<br /> cho chUc nang lien dgng (nhat la trUdng hdp ket ndi lien<br /> ddng di day cUng toan tram), di'eu khien va tfn hieu.<br /> Ton tai:<br /> - Phan Idn thiet bj chUa dUtic chuan hda theo tieu chuan<br /> IEC61850 nen viec tich htip cac chiing loai thiet bj khac nhau<br /> vao he thdng riit khd khan. Viec cai tao, nang cifp, md rdng<br /> so vdi thie't ke ban dau ddn vj quan ly van hanh khdng the<br /> thUc hien dUdc.<br /> - Viec giam cap ddng nhi thU lai nay sinh vifn de mdi ve<br /> vj trf, each thUe lap dat eae bd rdle bao ve va khdi di'eu khien<br /> ngan Id nhU the nao, dat trong cae tu rieng eiia tUng ngan<br /> Id hay gom mdt sd ngan vao mdt Kiosk. Yeu c'iiu cho eac tii<br /> di'eu khien bao ve ngan Id ngoai trdi, kiosk ngoai trdi nhU<br /> the nao de phii hdp vdi mdi trUdng nhiet ddi dp am cao,<br /> dam bao dp an toan van hanh thiet bj.<br /> Sda chu'a tram bien ap. Anh: PV - Muc tieu tang tinh linh hoat eiia sd dd bang di'eu khien<br /> <br /> (S6 1 - 4/2010) - KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE |23<br /> Nghien cilu & En khai<br /> <br /> <br /> xa, lien ddng mem lai gap khd khan v'e van d'e ddng bd thiet Ung nhanh eua eac ddi van hanh (thao tac) khi ap dung mo<br /> bj khi md rdng ghep ndi thiet bj ngan Id mdi vao he thdng hinh tram khdng ngUdi trUc.<br /> hien hUu (dieu nay hoan toan khdng khd khan gi ddi vdi cac - Viee ap dung thf diem tai cae thanh phd Idn nhU Ha Ngi<br /> tram dieu khien truy'en thdng). Vifn de nay tU chiing ta den va thanh phd Hd Chf Minh cung cd khd khan khi sd lUiing<br /> nay van ehUa giai quyet dUtic mac dii cd den hdn mdt nUa tram OKMT hien hUu tai 02 trung tam nay khdng phai la da<br /> sdtram la tram dieu khien may tfnh. Van d'e khdng chi lien sd ma chil yeu la cac tram dieu khien truyen thdng.<br /> quan den viec ghep ndi bd xung thiet bj mdi ma viec thay - ChUa cd he thdng quy trinh van hanh, thao tac; quy<br /> the thiet bj hien hUu bj hU hdng cung gap khdng ft khd khan pham trang bj dien ddi vdi md hinh nay.<br /> do thiet bj dUdc mua thay khdng triing ddi (triing version b) Thuan ldi:<br /> phan mem). - Cac tram dUiic trang bj he thdng giam sat dieu khien<br /> - Muc tieu hd trti cho cdng tac viin hanh van chUa dat may tfnh hien hUu vdi ciiu hinh LAN kep, nhin chung da<br /> dUtic nhu mong mudn, bang ehUng la tren ban ciia nhan dUdc trang bj thiet bj tUdng ddi ddng bd cho viec ap dung<br /> vien van hanh van edn qua nhieu sd sach de ghi chep, nhan md hinh tram khdng ngUdi trUe va it ngUdi trUc. ThUc te chi<br /> vien van hanh van phai bao cao thdng sd van hanh hang cdn can bd xung (i) phan thiet bi giam sat he thdng tU diing<br /> ngay cho nhan vien dieu do bang dien thoai va van phai AC/DC; (ii) bd sung he thdng tU ddng (khoa) chdng thao<br /> hang gid ghi thdng sd eiia eac OZ, MBA vao sd ghi thdng sd, tac nh'am va (iii) bd sung he thdng camera giam sat tram,<br /> day la di'eu bift htip ly khi dUa vao cac he thdng di'eu khien - Vdn d'au tU cho mdt trung tam dieu khien tap trung<br /> may tfnh do chUa chuan hda trong viec lap trinh khai thac chil yeu la thiet bj may tfnh (cac server, may tfnh HMI, May<br /> het kha nang ciia he thdng, dac biet cac tien ich ve bao cao tfnh ky sU, may tfnh gateway...), thiet bj truy'en thdng va<br /> (eae thdng sd van hanh qua khU, bieu do phu tai...) tU ddng mang truy'en dan nen gia thanh khdng phai la qua cao. Cac<br /> hoac bao eao khi ed yeu eau. trung tam nay cd the tiep tuc ket htip dUdc dau tU khi hinh<br /> - Til dieu khien, bao ve lap dat ngoai trdi mdt sd tram thanh trung tam thao tac theo md hinh ehuyen chUe nang<br /> thao tac he thdng tU trung tam dieu do sang cho cac cdng<br /> thiet ke til khdng phii hdp mdi trUdng nhiet ddi, dp am cao...<br /> ty truyen tai dien khi chuyen dd'i md hinh to chUe van hanh<br /> dan den thudng xuyen hU hdng cae thiet bi; ngoai ra khdng<br /> HTO theo ed che thj trUdng dien.<br /> tao di'eu kien tdt ddi vdi con ngUdi trong kiem tra djnh ky,<br /> c) Hu'dng de xuiit:<br /> bao dudng thiet bj tii dieu khien.<br /> TU cae phan tfch tren tren, thify rang trong giai doan<br /> I I . DINH Hl/O^NG TlT DONG HOA TRAM dau can djnh hUdng thUe hien ap dung md hinh van hanh<br /> BIEN AP TREN LUOI DIEN TRUYEN TAI tram ft ngUdi trUe cho lUdi truyen tai NPT. Sau khi td'ng ket<br /> - He thdng tU ddng hoa TBA ngay nay da cd sU thay ddi riit kinh nghiem cho giai doan 1, ddng thdi vdi viee xay dUng<br /> cd ban tU khi dUa vao sU dung eac he thdng giam sat dieu hoan thien xong cac quy trinh, quy pham ddi vdi tram khdng<br /> khien tram bang may tinh so vdi phUdng thUe dieu khien ngUdi trUc se trien khai giai doan 1 la ap dung md hinh tram<br /> truy'en thdng nhU da dUtie phan tfch d cac ph'an tren. khdng ngUdi trUe va ft ngUdi trUe cho hau het cac tram bien<br /> ap tren lUdi (trU eac tram cd cac dieu kien va yeu eau dac<br /> - Tram khdng ngUdi trUe va it ngUdi trUe sU dung he<br /> thil rieng). Trong giai doan 1 cd the thU nghiem trien khai<br /> thdng giam sat dieu khien tram bang may tfnh cd nhUng Uu<br /> tram khdng ngUdi trUc van hanh d eac thanh phd Idn cd mat<br /> diem chfnh sau:<br /> dp tram tap trung cao. Odi vdi tram bien ap 500 kV can xac<br /> H- Nang cao nang suat va hieu qua lao ddng, md ra kha<br /> djnh djnh hUdng la thUe hien md hinh van hanh tram it<br /> nang lien ket va trao ddi thdng tin vdi nhieu Ung dung tien<br /> ngUdi trUc (khdng djnh hUdng la tram khdng ngUdi trUc).<br /> ieh hieu qua trong van hanh va phan tich xU ly sU ed he<br /> thdng, nhanh chdng dUa ra dUtic cac bien phap phdng ngUa I I I . KET LUAN:<br /> dam bao van hanh an toan he thdng dien, dap Ung cae yeu Hien nay Tdng cdng ty Truyen tai dien Qudc gia dang<br /> cau eiia van hanh thj trUdng dien. quan ly van hanh 75 tram bien ap truyen tai. Trong dd ed 13<br /> -I- Giam thieu d'au tU cap, cae thiet bj trung gian, nang tram 500 kV, 58 tram 220 kV va 4 tram 110 kV (ehuan bj<br /> cao dp tin cay lam viee chfnh xac ciia thiet bj dam bao cung dUtic md rdng phat trien thanh tram 220 kV). Ve mat trang<br /> cap dien an toan lien tuc cho phu tai. bj thiet bj tu ddng hoa thi trong sd cac tram dang van hanh<br /> H- Giam thieu sU ed do thao tac nhiim ciia ngUdi van nay cd 30 tram bien ap dUdc dieu khien theo kieu truyen<br /> hanh, nang eao mUc do an toan cho ngUdi van hanh. thdng va 45 tram bien ap dUde di'eu khien bang he thdng<br /> -I- Chf phf cho he thdng tU ddng hoa ddi vdi tram khdng may tfnh; trong tUdng lai, da sd cae tram bien ap truyen tai<br /> ngUdi trUe khdng cao hdn nhi'eu so vdi he thdng tU ddng deu dUtic thiet ke, dau tUxay dUng vdi he thdng dieu khien<br /> hoa giam sat dieu khien may tinh ciia cae tram cd ngUdi bang he thdng may tinh tai tram.<br /> trUc hien nay. Vi vay, viee ap dung tU ddng hoa, thUe hien chuyen ddi<br /> -I- Phil htip vdi xu the phat trien ca hien tai va tUdng lai. md hinh tram bien ap khdng ngUdi trUe va ft ngUdi trUe van<br /> Phan tfch eac dieu kien hien tai: hanh se cd nhieu thuan Itii, dem lai hieu qua cao, dam bao<br /> a) Kho khan: do tin eay cifp dien cho nen kinh te qudc dan, tao dieu kien<br /> - Td'ng cdng ty Truyen tai dien Qudc gia (NPT) chi quan tdt cho viec van hanh he thdng dien phii htip vdi cac bUdc<br /> ly cap dien ap eao va sieu cao nen dia ban rdng, khoang phat trien ciia thj trUdng dien, ddng thdi phii htip vdi xu<br /> each cac tram each xa nhau, anh hUdng den kha nang phan hudng cdng nghe ciia khu vUe va the gidi.