106<br />
<br />
NGON N G t r & B 6 I<br />
<br />
S6NG<br />
<br />
S& 10 (240)-2015<br />
<br />
KHAO SAT VE HIEN TlTonVG PHO TlT TU SlfC<br />
CHO DANH Ttr TRONG TIENG HAN HIEN DAI<br />
A SURVEY ON THE USE OF ADVERB<br />
AS MODIFIER OF NOUN IN MODERN CHINESE<br />
TRAN THJ PHU"OfNG THU<br />
(ThS; B^i hpc Ngo^i ngO-, B H Q G H^ N$i)<br />
Abstract: As defined, an adverb modifies a verb or an adjective; however, in reality, it is<br />
commonly used to modify a noun. We will analyze this special use based on the meaning of the<br />
noun to find out the most fi:equently-used adverbs as modifiers of nouns. The nouns to be<br />
researched include nouns of time and space, classification nouns, quantity nouns or nouns whose<br />
grammatical fimctions have been changed under certain circumstances.<br />
Key words: adverb; adverb modifies a noun.<br />
1. Dat van de<br />
/ . / . Tmdc dfiy, cac sfich ngQ phfip thircmg<br />
khdng d^ c|p den h i ^ tin^ng ph6ti>co the tu sue<br />
cho danh tur. Hon nOa, mpt so con cho rfing, chuc<br />
nfing tu sQc ph6 tu dupc diing de phfin bi$t giiia<br />
th^ tu va vj tu. Nhung trSn tiivrc te, trong qufi<br />
trinh v$n dyng ngon ngQ, dfic bi^ la trong khau<br />
ngQ thi hi^n tuong pho tQ tu sQc cho danh tQ khfi<br />
pho bien.<br />
Thyc te cho thay, hi^n tugng pho tQ tu sQc<br />
cho danh tu ton t^i khaeh quan trong tieng Hfin<br />
h i ^ dai. Vai hi$n tugmg nay, neu ta chi dung<br />
hinh tiiuc tinh luqfc ho$c hinh thuc luge bo de<br />
gifii thich thi F5 rang Ifi khdng day du.<br />
1.2. Ph6 tij Ifi m^t h i ^ tugng tQ lo^i khfi d§c<br />
bi^t trong tieng Hfin hi$n d^i. Bin ph6 tir c6 luc<br />
dugc cot nhu mgt thyc tu, vi mpt bO ph^n pho tQ<br />
c6 the don dgc trfi ldi cau hoi ho$c dfim nh§n vai<br />
tr6 lam thfinh phan cau, nhung c6 luc 1^ dugc coi<br />
nhu mgt hutii,vi co chuc nfing tu sue cho nhiJug<br />
dgng tQ vfitinhtitkhac.<br />
Ve (rfian lo^i ph6 tir, cuon "300 cau hdi ve<br />
ngQ irfifip tieng Han" dfi chia ph6 tQ ra Ifim ba<br />
lo^ 16n, d6 la: 1/ NhQng pho tu thu6ng g$p nhat<br />
tiiongtiengHan, g6m co cfic loai nh6 sau: Pho til<br />
chi muc dg, pho tu chi thdi gjan, ph6 tut chi phii<br />
djnh, pho tu dii ph^an vi, ph6 tQ chi tin suit; 2/<br />
NhQng ph6tiingQ khi, bi^u tfii y nghia nhu phan<br />
dofin, xfic djnh, ngugc l^i ho§c nghi van; 3/<br />
NhQng ph6 tu bi^u thi quan h?, thuong sQ dyng<br />
de chi cfic quan h$ giQa cfictijrtrong cau ho$c c ^<br />
phfin cau trong cau pAiiic. Trong ba lo^ nfiy, theo<br />
<br />
thong ke cQa chung toi, chi c6 ph6 tQ chi tiifri<br />
gian, p h ^ vi vfi muc dg m6i tu sQc dugc cho<br />
danhtQ.<br />
2. Nhihig danh tir chju sy tu sih; cua ph6 tilr<br />
TQ bhih di$n ngtt n^Ta cQa danh til, c6 Ih^<br />
thay, nhQng dfufih tijr mang nghTa tuin ty, nghia<br />
phfin lo^i, nghia do ludng Ifi c6 thS n h ^ dugc s\r<br />
tu sQc cua cfic nhdm phdti!r,nhQng ph6 tii<br />
thudng dugc dung Ifi nhiJng phdtijrchitiidigian,<br />
chi ph^m vi vfi chi mQc d^.<br />
Th^ nhit, cdc phd tu tu site cho danh tu<br />
mang nghia tuin pte<br />
Danh tix trong bfin than ngQ nghTa dfi mang<br />
nghTa tuan ty l^i dugc chia lfim hai lo^: danh ti^<br />
thdi gian vfi danh tQ chi ngudi. Danh tQ thdi gian<br />
l^i cd the chia lam hai lo^i Ifi danh tQ chi th^<br />
gian tuan hofin va danh tQ chl thdi gian kto dfii.<br />
Vidy:<br />
- Cfic danh tQ chi thdi gjan tuan hofin : i : ^<br />
<br />
m.m-. mm-. a ^ z , Kmm...<br />
- Cfic danh tQ chi tiidi gian k6o dfii: — ^ ,<br />
Cfic danh tQ tuan ty chi ngudi cDng c6 hai<br />
lo^, mgt I09I chi chQc nghidp vj trf vfi mgt lo?)<br />
chi tuoi tac. Cfic dartii tQ chi chuc nghi?p vj tri<br />
<br />
nhu: ^ ± . «ili±,<br />
<br />
ff±,'>^±,«J*i.K*4,<br />
<br />
MlO_P40)-201S<br />
<br />
N G 6 N NGtr & Bfn S 6 N G<br />
<br />
*h-fe,B-fe,^-fe,SSHfc,3K-fe,»-R,S-K,g-K:....<br />
Cic danh til chl tu6i tic nhu: 8SJL,«r*JL,?UL,<br />
»JL,«iJL,'>|IS;L,'>'f*^,li?5K,«*JL,<br />
<br />
107<br />
<br />
Si::tB*i,8iaiiaJEg3lE7.<br />
<br />
Hai cau tren diu n6i den m$t hgc sinh di Iln<br />
pho thdng tnmg hgc, nhung vdi hai y khic nhau:<br />
Mgt li, m6i Iln phi thfing tnmg hgc chua ngn<br />
vgi n6i chuygn ylu duong (tiic li c6n nh6 tu6i);<br />
tt»,:3>Jg,jaA,«**,...<br />
Hai li, da li hgc sinh ph6 thSng tnmg hgc rii tW<br />
M$t so danh tCr chi dja dilm cung mang nghia khong nSn luM nhic nOa (vi di li mgt ngudi I6n<br />
tuan tvi nlu chung cung nSm tren mgt tryc tuyin rii).<br />
tinh nio do theo -y nguoi noi, vi dy: -hSS,^^,<br />
Ngoii cic ph6 ttt chi thiri gian trfn, ci5 luc<br />
Se,®*l,«Jr,»m... ; Jb!S,«S,ll*tl, danh tir mang nghTa tuin ty kit hgp dugc vdi cic<br />
ph6 ttt pham vi nhu : S , ^ , ± S S , A * , ^ j*^:<br />
Cic danh ttt c6 mang nghia tuan ty ci3 thl tiyc<br />
tilp lim vi ngtt, vi nh§n du(;fc sy tu sue ctta cic<br />
ph6 ttt chi th6i gian. Theo 1i^ ty tuyin tinh cua<br />
th6i gian thi c6 3 thdi dilm li qui khtt, hi?n tai<br />
vi tucmg lai.<br />
X6t vl trinh ty cua cic ph6 ttt tu sue cho cic<br />
danh ttt c6 nghia tuan ty vl thdi gian theo tiyc<br />
tuyin tinh, c6 thl thiy: THM qui khtt li cic ph6<br />
ttt nhu: :^,H!l,Hmi,l?,^H,l«,.?«t,:f f5!l,H,H<br />
^,... ;Thai hi§n tai li cic ph6 ttt nhu: X,iE,iE<br />
Jf ,S,t&Jf, t&15 V.V.; ThM tuong lai li cic pho<br />
ttt nhu: ^,1*,^1*,^Jtt,8«,49S,H, J:,1*g<br />
,v.v.<br />
C6 luc cic ph6 ttt c6 the cung xuat hi?n bilu<br />
thj kit hpp nhieu ^ nghTa thdii gian, vl dy:<br />
<br />
(1) m^mtmi,<br />
<br />
^-hiSST , a ?<br />
<br />
(2) BWB#?E2J , !»-tfi^Affid>.<br />
(3) - > ^ s s a « . WM'h'j^sdSfls<br />
<br />
(4) Stt-fc-bffi^>ilia«6*H»¥«W , ?B<br />
6*l?Wff7.<br />
<br />
(5) fifllB.Sf'BtMWSSffiSnjL, tll,-K:;*:«ir3;A.<br />
Trong ba vl dy tren cic danh tft di vj ttt hda<br />
mang mOt tinh chit i ^ d i ^ nio dd, cd cich sDr<br />
dyng giing nhu tinh lir. Nlu luge bd thinh phin<br />
l^d ttt Irong dd thl khdng inh hudng g) dbi ^<br />
nghTa cfta ciu. Phd ttt dugc dttng d diy dl nhfa<br />
manh thim vl ngtt n ^ a .<br />
Cic danh ttt chi nhttng ting Idp khic nhau<br />
trong xi hOi ho$c chl cic vai trd, t^h chit khic<br />
nhau cua con nguiri trong xi hOi, vl dy: "^fit, Jt<br />
H, ilTtt, 2t(S, ^ * , * l l , f t K , ^ S B , R a , »<br />
<br />
±,fflffl;,*s,'>riTS,iAs,w i ; hay mOt si danh tft<br />
bilu thj gidi tinh nhu: l ? t t , A t t , X t t , S 1 4 ,<br />
5 A , A A v.v. Vidy:<br />
(12)@©S$±ifej§A*.<br />
(13) SBftjesesft-iiSiiiaiSs, mtn<br />
(14)S=S¥®*:1±, e s , S i l .<br />
Cd khi dd li sy khii quit cic d$c tnmg cua<br />
cic vung miln nhu lim mOt tinh chit, d$c<br />
dilm nii b$t (vi dy: t B , 0 * , S:&, B;S,<br />
±38,db»:,li|3K,ff^) hojc mOt si danh ttt<br />
chi thdi gian nhu (3ft,5llft,S
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