S6 10 (240)-2015<br />
<br />
NG6N NGC & Bin S6NG<br />
<br />
147<br />
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INGQN N G C H Q C - V I E T N G C HQC-NGOAI N G O ]<br />
<br />
NHfNG CON DlTdNG HINH THANH THUAT N G f<br />
KHOA HQC HINH SV TIENG ANH *<br />
METHODS FOR FORMING VIETNAMESE CRIMINAL SCIENCE TERMS<br />
NGUYEN QUANG HUNG<br />
( T h S - N C S ; D^i hQC Sir p h 9 m H d N^i)<br />
Abstract; This article focuses on tfae methods of term formation, particularly applying to the<br />
Vietnamese criminal science ones. The analysis of 1360 Vietnamese criminal science terms has<br />
offered four methods for forming these terms, namely: terminologization of common words;<br />
borrowing foreign terms; using acronyms; coding the word.<br />
Key words: Vietnamese criminal science terms; term formation methods; terminologization;<br />
borrowing; acronyms; coding.<br />
1. Tlieo Sager [11, 71] cd ba pfauong fliftc chuyin di ngtt ngfaTa cfla tii dl tgo tfau§t ngtt.<br />
tgo ra fliu^it ngft mdi tixing tilng Anfa: 1/ Sft Phdp chuyin di ndy cd till kfadng din din<br />
dyng cfic tfaugt ngtt faifn cd trong ngdn ngft cfauyln nghTa ho$c din din chuyin ngfaTa. Vdi<br />
cfaui^ 2/ Tgo thu$t ngtt mdi dya tren nguon tnidng hpp di chuyin khdng din din chuyin<br />
tfiu$t ngttfaifncd bing cdc phucrng thuc phy gia, ngfaTa, tft thdng tfaudng dupc tiiu fa^ vl pfagm vi<br />
ghdp, cfauyln tft logi vd viet tdt; 3/ Tgo ra tfau$t faogt dpngfaaydupc cfauyln di pfagm vi ftng dyng<br />
ngQ mdi cfao ngdn ngtt cfauydn ngfinh dya t r ^ tft Hhh vyc ndy sang ITnh vyc kfafic v6i nfattng<br />
cfic kfafii nifm mdi.Hodng vfin Hdnh cfao rfing: cdch nhln tft nhihig gde dd kfadc nhau". Kfai bfin<br />
"Nhin mft cdcfa tdng quit, cd the thiy, tfaugt ngtt ve sy biln ddi y ngfaTa ci^ tft, Ld Quang Tliidm<br />
tixmg tilng Vift, cung nhu trong cdc ngdn ngft cho ring: 'Trong qud trinh biln doi, pfadt trien<br />
dfi pfadt trien kfadc hlnh tfadnfa nfad ba con dudng nglua cfta tft nfaieu ngfaTa, y ngfaTa tfaugt ngft vin<br />
CO bfin Id: 1. Tfaugt ngft hda tft ngft thdng cdn nim lgi trong faf flidng y ngfaTa cua tft xuit<br />
fliudng; 2. Ciu tgo nhQng tfaugt n ^ tuong ftng pfafit cfla npdn ngft cfaung. Y ngfaTa tiiugt ngft ndy<br />
vdi tfaugt ngQ nude ngofii bdng phuong tfaftc sao vln cdn gfin liln vdi mpt ^ n^Ta nfio dd cfla tft<br />
phdng; 3. Mupn nguydn tfaugt ngtt nude ngodi, ngQ thdng tfaudng. Qui tiinh phdt triln cdc ^<br />
tfiudng Id nhQng tfaugt ngQ cd tfnh qudc te. Tft ba ngfaTa cfla tft nfailu ngfaTa tfaeo faudng tft ngfaia<br />
con dudng ndy dd tgo ndn ba Idp thugt ngtt vdi tiidng tfaudng den ngfaTa tfaugt ngft cfafnfa Id qui<br />
nhfbig d ^ bung kfadc nfaau cd vefalnfaflidivd trinfa bien doi ngfaTa tft vyng cfla tft tfadng thuemg<br />
ngtt nghta trong vdn tfaugt ngQ cfla tilng Vift: 1. tfaeo hudng tft ngfaTa bilu tiij (detonational<br />
Ldp tfaugt ngtt thuan vift; 2. Ldp tiiugt ngtt sao meaning) thudc ting nghTa tfayc tiln (practical<br />
phdng; 3. Ldp fliu^t ngQ phidn dm." [3,26].<br />
sti'atum) chuyin thfinh ngfaTa bilu nifm kfafii<br />
2. Qua nghien cftu 1360 thugt ngft khoa hpc nifm kfaoa hpc (scientific concept) thupe ting<br />
hinfa sy tilng Vift chung tdi thiy hf thu|t ngQ n^ua tri tuf (intellectual stratiim) [7, 1-10]. Co<br />
sd dl chuyen di tft ngfaTa thdng thudng sang<br />
nfiy dupcfalnfathdnh theo cdc phuong tfaftc sau:<br />
ngfaTa tfau$t ngft cfafnfa Id dya tidn mdi quan hf<br />
Thu-nhit, thu^t ngtt hda t u thdng thudng<br />
Theo Hfi Quang Ndng, tiiu|lt ngtt hda tilr tuong ddng ho$c tiiong cgn vl cic thudc tinfa cda<br />
tiidng thudng Id "m§t bilu hifn (vd ngtt fim) cfta sy v$t hay qui trinh dupc phfin finfa trong kfadi<br />
tft vd c ^ bieu vgt gift nguydn khdng thay ddi, nifm do cicti)rngQ bilu tfaj theo phuang tfaftc in<br />
cdn y nghTa flil fliay ddi [4, 9]. Hofing Vfin Hfinfa dy hda vd hoin dy hda. Khi sy chuyin di nghia<br />
[3, 26-28] cho ifing "tiiu|t ngft hda til tfa&ig dya vdo mdi quan hf tuong ddng sd tgo ra n^fta<br />
tfaudng thyc chit Ifi con dudng dftng pfadp tiiugt ngQ Mnfa tfadnh tiieo phdp in dy hda. Vf dy:<br />
<br />
148<br />
<br />
NG6NNGU'&B6I S6NG<br />
<br />
N^ua cua cdnh ticm^ cdnh qudn, cdnh td cua<br />
^ n g t r o n g / d r ^ r / n O ^ ' - C ^ kfai cd sy diuyln<br />
di n^ua dya vao mdi quan bf tuong cgn sd tgo ra<br />
n^ua tfaugt ngftfalnfathdnh tfaeo i ^ i ^ hoin dtf<br />
fada. Vi dy: n^im ciia ddu ngudi trong binh quan<br />
thu nh|p tfaeo ddu ngiedi,...<br />
Kh qua kfafio sit thugt ngtt cfao tfaay trong hf<br />
thraig thugt ngtt kfaoa hpc hinfa sy ti^ig V i ^ cd<br />
214 tfaugt ngQ dupc tgo ra tfaeo ba hinh thdi ndy,<br />
diilm 15,7 % tong sd tfaugt ngQ dupc kfafio sat<br />
Tuong ung vdi ba Iiinfa tfafii chuyen di n g ^<br />
tr£n, dd hmfa tfadnfa ba logi tfau^ ngQ kfaoa fapc<br />
hlnh sy dupc tfaugt ngtt hda dudi day:<br />
a. Thugt ngft fada tft tfadng tiiudng theo cddi<br />
gift nguyen hlnh thai vd ngft n ^ m cfla tft ngtt<br />
thdng tfaudng nfaung tfau faep i^igm vi hogt d ^ g<br />
ciia chung. Hinh tiiii duiyen di kbdng din den<br />
diuyln n^iia thuong g ^ d nhifaig tft tiiupc vdn<br />
tft CO bfin. d hlnh thdi nay, ranh gjdi giiia ngliia<br />
tfa&ig tfaudng vfi nghia tiiugt ngft triing nhau. 0<br />
dfiy dll Ifi sy chuyen di phgm vi img dyng ciia<br />
mdt n^ua cfta cac tft thraig tfaudng sang lihh vyc<br />
diuyen mdn. Cfic thugt ngtt dupc hmfa thfinfa<br />
tfaeo cficfa tiiiic nfiy Id: cum, cdng cudp, bdt<br />
ngudi v.v.<br />
b.Thugt ngftfadatft thdng thuemg tiieo hudng<br />
tiiu h ^ nghia<br />
Dd Id cic thugt ngft nhir chung at. hi$n<br />
trudng ldi, vgtehung. dduvit, dn^...Cac thugt<br />
ngtt khoa hpc hinfa sy Ideu ndy la nhihig tft ngft<br />
tfiraig tiiudng trcmg ngdn ngft tofin dan dupc<br />
tiiu|t ngft fada bfing cddi biln ddi flieo kilu tfau<br />
h ^ y nghia dl tgo ra fliu$t ngtt kfaoa hpc hmfa<br />
sy. Nhihig tfaugt ngft ndy tfaudng bieu dgt cdc sy<br />
v§t, h i ^ tupng cy the, khdng mang tinh chit<br />
fabtfi tupng va gid tii gpi cam. Vi dy:<br />
CMng cit vdi n ^ i ^ thdng thudng Id "cdi<br />
dupc dan ra dl Idm cfin cu xde djnh dini g^ dd Id<br />
cd thgT 16, 249]. Chur^ cit vdi ngfaia thugt ngft<br />
dupc djnfa n^Oa Id: nhQng sy vifc, sg k i ^ tM<br />
lifu cd tii^t, dupc tiiu thgp tiieo trinh ty, thft tyc<br />
do Bp lugt To tyng hinh sy quy ^nh md ca quan<br />
dieu tra, vifn kion sat, tda fin diing Ifim cfin eft<br />
de xfic djnh cd hay khdng cdfafinfavi phgm tpi,<br />
ngudi tfayc hifn hfinh vi phgm tpi cung nfau cfic<br />
tinh tilt khdc cin thi^ cbo vifc gjai quyet dung<br />
dfin vy an" [12, 243]; Hi?n trudng vdi n^ua<br />
<br />
S6l0(240>-201i<br />
<br />
tiidng tiiudng Ifi "noi xdy ra sy vifc hay faogt<br />
dpng ndo dd" [6, 546]. Hi4n trudng ttong khoa<br />
hpc hhih sy dupc hilu Id "noi xdy ra, noiphit<br />
hifn sy vifc mang tinfa Wnh sy" [10,25]; Ldi vdi<br />
n ^ tiidng fliudng dupc failu la "dieu sai xdt,<br />
kfamig nai k h ^ g [Aai trong cich cu xft, tixmg<br />
hfinh ddng. [6, 719]. Ldi ttong khoa hpc htoh sy<br />
(bipc hini Id "diu h^u thudc mdt chft quan ciia<br />
tpi ph^m i^idn inh difl till dd lya chpn tfayc hifn<br />
hfinh vi nguy hiem dio xd hpi.<br />
M$t dieu dfing chu y Id, cdc tft thdng tfiudng<br />
ndi trrai khi trd thfinh thu$t ngft, Ididng dil d6ng<br />
vai trd Id cdc tfau$t ngQ Idioafapcfalnfasy dpc 1^<br />
md diung cdn tfaam pR vdo cau tgo c ^ 1hu|t<br />
n ^ khoa hpc hlnh sy vdi tu cich Ifi ylu td ciu<br />
tgo tnmg trudng hpp thu$t ngtt Id tft g ^ ho§c<br />
cym tft. ChhUi sy tham gja cfta chftng vdi tu<br />
cdch Id ylu td ciu tgo dd gdp pbka tgo ra hfing<br />
logt cfic fliu^ ngtt mdi. Vf dy: Chung cir dd fliam<br />
gja vk) cau tgo nen cfic tfau$t ngtt nhu chiing cd<br />
bupc tpi, chiing ctt di^n tit, chung cit ^ tpi,<br />
chung at gde, ehdng at ngogi phgm, chting ed<br />
trgc tiip.chung cugfdn tiep, ehiing eugid; Hi$n<br />
fruDT^ tfaam gia ciu tgo nen cic thugt ngtt: A/^<br />
truang chinh, hign truang gid, hi$n trudr^ph^i,<br />
hi4n truang chgy, }n$n trudng nd, hi4n trudng<br />
hiep dSm, hi$n truang sg cd ky thu^t, hi?n<br />
truong tai ngn giao thdng, lugn truoTtg trdm c^P<br />
£01 sdn.v.v. Ldi tham gja ciu tgo osn cdc tiiugt<br />
ngft ldi dy, Idi vo y, loi suy dodn.<br />
c. Thugt ngtt h
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