1^ s i 12 (242)-2015<br />
<br />
NG6N NGC & Ddl S6NG<br />
<br />
NHITNG CON DlTOfNG Ti^O RA THUAT NGf<br />
LUAT S6 HtJtJ TRI TU? TIENG ANH<br />
TECHNIQUES OF COMPOSING ENGLISH LEGAL TERMS ON<br />
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY<br />
MAI Tiq LOAN<br />
(TS; B«ihfcNgo«ingfi',BHQGHiN$i)<br />
Abstract: The Legal terms on Intellectual Property means fixed words and phrases denoting<br />
the social lelatiotis formed between the created subjects; use and transfer of intellectual creative<br />
worics, including copyright,rightsin relation with copyright,rightsof industrial property, rights<br />
of plant varieties. Basing on methods of forming terms of the previous linguists as well as<br />
surveying and analyzing 37S English legal terms on intellectual property, this aiticle deals with<br />
three ways of creating English legal terms on intellectual property: 1. Terminalization; 2.<br />
Derivative terms; 3. Compounding terms.<br />
Key words; terms; copyright; property; terminalization; derivative; compounding.<br />
1. D$tv£ndl<br />
LL Thujt ngft lu^t sd hftu tri tu? (SHTT) li<br />
nhftng tft, cvun tft c6 d)nh bilu th) cic khii<br />
ni^m, su v^t, hi$n tupng vl cic quan h? x9 h$i<br />
dupc hinh thinh gifta cic chu thl trong vi$c<br />
tfu) ta, sft dvmg vi chuyin giao cic sin phim<br />
sing t^o tri tu$, glm cic quan h$ vl quyen tic<br />
gii, quyln li£n quan din quyln tic gii, quyen<br />
sd hftu c6ng n^i^p vi quyln dli v6i giong<br />
cfiy trlng.<br />
L2. Dua vio cic con du6ng xay dvmg<br />
thu|A ngft mi cic nhi ngdn ngft hpc tnidc dd<br />
di dl cjp (ching h?n, Sager,l990; Hoing VSn<br />
Hinh, 1983; IA Khi Kl, 1984; v.v.) vi cin cft<br />
vio khio sit vi phin tich 37S thu$t ngft lufit sd<br />
hihi tri tu$ tilng Anh, chiing tdi nhfin thiy cic<br />
thufit ngft lufit sd hihi tri tu$ tilng Anh dupc<br />
t^o ra bing nhQng con dudng sau dfiy; I.Thufit<br />
ngft hda; 2.Thufit ngft phii sinh; 3.Thufit ngtt<br />
gh6p.<br />
L3, Bii viet niy, chung tdi sg di vio trinh<br />
bay su thufit ngft lufit sd hftu tri tu$ tilng Anh<br />
theo ba con dudng viia nia.<br />
2. Ba con dirdng hlnh thinh<br />
2L Thu^ ngit hda iir ngit thdng thudng<br />
2.1.1. Con dirdng thufit ngtt hda tft ngft<br />
thdng thudng li con dudng biln doi vi phit<br />
triln nghTa cfta tft dl t ^ ra radt nghia mdi<br />
(nghla thufit ngtt). Tliuc chit, nghla thufit ngft<br />
<br />
dd li mdt nghTa phii sinh tl^n co sd nghTa ban<br />
diu cua tft ngft thdng thudng hofic tr€n co sd<br />
m$t hay indt vii n^t nghta co bin trong clu<br />
trftc bilu ni^m cfta tft. Khi ning biln d^ng ^<br />
nghta cua tft nhilu nghta thdng thudng (nghta<br />
bilu niem) cd thl di din gidi h{m li nghTa<br />
thufit ngtt. Sd li tmdng hpp mfit bilu h i ^ (vd<br />
ngft im) cfta tft vi cii bilu vfit gift nguygn<br />
khdng thay doi, cdn ^ nghta thi Ihay dli<br />
(Xtepanov; 1977:45).<br />
Khi bin vl su bien dli ^ nghta cfta tft, Lg<br />
(Juang Thigm (2006: 1-10) cho ring: "Trong<br />
qui trlnh biln dli, phit triln nghla cfta tft<br />
nhilu nghta, i nghta thufit ngtt vin cdn nim 1^<br />
trong h$ thing y iighta cfta tft xuit phit cfta<br />
ngdn ngft chung. 't nghta thufit ngtt niy vln<br />
cdn gin liln vdi m$t y nghta nio dd cfta tft<br />
ngtt thdng thudng. Qui trinh phit triln cic ^<br />
nghta cfta tft nhilu nghTa theo hudng tft nghb<br />
thdng thudng din nghTa thufit ngtt chinh li qui<br />
trinh biln doi nghta tft vvmg cfta tft thdng<br />
thudng theo hudng tft nghta bilu th)<br />
(denotational meaning) thudc ting nghta Ihvrc<br />
tiln (practical stratum) chuyin thinh ngUa<br />
bieu ni§m khii ni^m khoa hpc (scientific<br />
concept) thudc ting nghta tri tu? (intellectual<br />
stratum)".<br />
2.1.2. afliufitngft lufit sd hftu tri tu? tilng<br />
Anh, kit qui thing kg cho thiy, cd 63/375<br />
<br />
NG6N NGC & Bin S6NG<br />
thufit ngft dupc t^o ra theo phuong thftc thufit<br />
ngft hda tft ngtt thdng thudng, chiim 16,80%.<br />
VI dvi; publication (cdng b6), reproduction<br />
(sao cltdp), performers( ngudi bieu dien),<br />
marks (nhdn hieu).<br />
Cd thl giii thich nhu sau: Cic tft ngtt<br />
thong thudng dupc thufit ngtt hda, Ird thinh<br />
thufit ngtt cfta cic nginh khoa hpc khic. Tilp<br />
dd, lujit sd hihi tri tu? sft dvmg l^i nhthig thufit<br />
ngtt niy. Vi dvi:<br />
worlts (ttic ph^): nghta thdng thudng li<br />
"cdng trinh do nhi vin bda, n^i? thufit hofic<br />
khoa hpc sing t^o ta" (Hoing Fhg,2006);<br />
nghta thufit ngtt SHTT: "Tic phim l i sin<br />
phim sing t^o trone Itnh vuc vin hpc, ngh?<br />
thufit vi khoa hpc the hi?n bang bit ki phirong<br />
ti?n hay hinh thftc nio". (Khoin 7, Dilu 4, Bf<br />
lufit sd httu tri tu? 2009); "li sin phim sing<br />
t ^ trong cic lihh vvrc vfin hpc, ngh? thufit,<br />
khoa hpc dupc thl hi?n dudi hlnh tiiftc v i<br />
phuong ti?n nio dd; khdng phfin bi?t ndi dung,<br />
gii trj vi khdng phvi thufc vio bit kl thft tvic<br />
nio" (Nguyin Dhih Lfc; 2006: 682).<br />
Broadcasting (phdt sdng): Nghta thdng<br />
thudng li: "Phit trgn sdng vd tuygn" (Hoing<br />
Phg (2006); Nghta thufit ngtt SHTT: vi?c<br />
tmyln fim. thanh hofic hhih inh hofic c i fim<br />
thsuih vi hlnh inh cfta tic phim, cufc bilu<br />
diln, bin ghi fim, ghi hlnh, chutmg trinh phit<br />
sdng din cdng chftng bing phuang ti?n vd<br />
tuygn hofic hiht tuyln, bao glm c i vi?c tmyln<br />
qua V? tinh dl cdng chftng cd thl tilp nhfin<br />
dupc t^i d)a diem v i thdi gian do chinh hp Ivra<br />
chpn" (Dilu 4, Khoin 11, B? lufit sd httu tri<br />
tu?2009).<br />
Reproduction (sao chip): Nghta thdng<br />
thudng li "chip l^i dftng y nhu bin gic"<br />
(Hoing Phg ,2006); Nghta thufit ngtt SHTT: li<br />
vipc t^o ra mpt hofic nhilu bin sao cfta tic<br />
phim hofic bin ghi fim, ghi hhih bing bit k^<br />
phuong ti?n hay hinh thftc nio, bao glm c i<br />
vi?c t^o bin sao dudi hinh thurc di?n tft" (Dilu<br />
4, Khoin 10, B? lufit sd httu tri tu? 2009).<br />
Pseudonym (bit danh): Nghla Ihdng<br />
thudng Id "Ten khdc vdi len vin cd, dimg khi<br />
Viet vdn" (Hoing Phg, 2006); N ^ a Thu|t<br />
ngttSHTTli "ten khic cfta tic gii ghi bgn tic<br />
<br />
sl 12 (uiyiois<br />
<br />
phim vfin hpc, khoa hpc, ngh? thufit. Tic gii<br />
cd thl dftng tgn thfit hofic bftt danh dl ghi tign<br />
tic phim do mtoh sing t?o ra" (Nguyin Dinh<br />
Ldc, 2006: 89).<br />
Cic vi dy trdn cho thiy, khi li tft thdng<br />
thudng, chftng bilu thj nhihig dfic tnmg chung<br />
nhit, quan trpng nhit cfta svi vfit, hi?n tupng,<br />
cdn khi dfi dupc thufit ngtt hda, chftng li<br />
nhthig dfic trung cfta su vfit, hi?n tupng dupc<br />
nhfin thftK theo chuygn mdn lufit sd httu tri tu?.<br />
Bing cich thufit ngtt hda tft ngtt thdng thudng<br />
khiln thufit ngtt gin gui vdi ngdn ngtt thudng<br />
ngiy. ( ^ trlnh thufit ngtt hda tft ngtt thdng<br />
thudng din din nhilu tft thdng thudng vi thufit<br />
ngtt lufit sd httu tri tu? cd chung mft hlnh thftc<br />
cau t^o. Nhu v$y, dl phfin bi?t dupc thufit ngQ<br />
v i tft ngit thdng thudng phii cin cft vio n?i<br />
dung bieu hi?n v i nhihig dfic trung cfta svr vfit,<br />
hi?n tupng dupc phin inh, chft khdng phii chi<br />
cfin cft vio su vfit, hifin tupng dupc djnh danh.<br />
2.Z Thuit ngit phdi sinh<br />
Tft gic (tft cin) kit hpp vdi mft thinh tl<br />
phii sinh sg t(io nfin mdt tft phii sinh. Bine<br />
dudi dfiy trinh biy nhttng tien tl vi hfiu to<br />
thdng dvmg trong tilng Anh.<br />
Khio sit h? thufit ngtt SHTT tilng Anh,<br />
chftng tdi & thing kg dupc 293 thufit ngtt sft<br />
dyng tiln tl v i hfiu tl. Trong s l cic thufit ngft<br />
niy, thufit ngtt dupc tfio la bdi thgm hfiu tl<br />
chilm so da s l vdi 289 thufit ngtt (98,63%);<br />
hfiu tl dupc sft dvmg nhilu nhit li cic hfiu tl ion, -lion, -ation, -ilion (cd 142; chilm<br />
48,46%). Tiep theo, cd 38 thufit ngtt sft dvmg<br />
\oi\ hfiu to -s, -es (12,96%). Cd 28 thufit ngfl<br />
sft dvmg hfiu tl al, -iai (chilm 9,68%). Cic<br />
thufit ngft dupc ciu t ^ bdi thgm cic hfiu tl er, or v i hfiu t l -3< cd s l lupng thu$t ngtt bibg<br />
nhau li 24 thufit ngtt (chilm 8,19%). Chl cd 14<br />
thufit ngtt ciu t ^ bdi thgm hfiu tl -ment<br />
(4,77%). c a c hfiu t l -e
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