Phát triển thương mại Việt Nam - Trung Quốc thành hình mẫu của quan hệ hữu nghị và hợp tác trong thế kỷ XXI

niinniiiiiiiiiEiiiiiiiiiMiiiiliiui-iiKQi<br /> THAKH d m nin C6A QUAN Hi H0(i Ncm<br /> VA HdP TAG TRONG THE ET XXI<br /> DOAN CONG KHANH<br /> Vien Nghien cUu ThitOng mai<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ^ ^ ^ ^ y oan d u boa da tao lap nen hp tflng xem la mdt dd'i thu kinh te dang<br /> \ m tang cho vide duy tri ti le gdm trong nhflng nam gin day.<br /> C_^^ tang trudng kinh te' 0 ao va Hpi nghi thfldng dinh ASEAN lln thfl<br /> ben vflng, chuyen ddi cd d u va phat 5 tai Brunei (6-11-2001) ghi mdt dau<br /> tridn xa hpi d nhieu qud'c gia dang phat mdc quan trpng trong sfl hdp tac khu<br /> trien (nhflng khdng phai ta't ca). Dieu<br /> vflc gifla Trung Qudc va cac nfldc Ddng<br /> dac biet la tie'n trinh toan d u hoa da md<br /> Nam A. Cac nha lanh dao cua ASEAN<br /> ra cac cd hdi khdng ban che cho sfl hdp<br /> va Trung Qudc da ddng y thanh lap khu<br /> tac va hdi nhap hidu qua ve thfldng mai ,<br /> vflc mau dich tfl do trong vdng 10 nam<br /> d i u tfl, dich vu gifla cac qud'c gia, cac<br /> cdng ddng, trong dd cd Trung Qud'c va {ggi tdt theo tieng Anh Id ACFTA). Va<br /> Viet Nam. neu thanh cdng thi ACFTA se trd thanh<br /> ASEAN va Trung Qud'c la nhflng nfldc mdt hinh mau mdi trong viec hdp tac<br /> dang phat trien d nhflng thang bac khae gifla cac qud'c gia dang phat trien.<br /> nhau tren qui dao phat tridn kinh te. Cac nfldc thfldng " thich iCng" vdi sfl<br /> Tuy nhien, cac nfldc nay cung dang phai phat trien cua Trung Qud'c dfldi 3 hinh<br /> dd'i mat vdi nhflng cd hdi va thach thflc thflc: (1) Dau tii FDI de ldm chii ccf sd<br /> trong mpt the gidi bien ddi tflng ngay, sdn xua't d Trung Quoc; (2) Xua't khdu<br /> tflng gid. mdy moc, thiet bi hien dpi vd " vdt tii"<br /> "Neu khong the ddnh hai, hay hpp ddu vdo de tham gia tien trinh sdn xudt<br /> tdc" dieu nay hoan toan phfl hdp vdi vd xudt khdu cua Trung Quoc; (3) Xudt<br /> quydt dinh cua cae nfldc Ddng Nam A khdu nguyen nhien lieu, khodng sdn,<br /> khi thidt lap mdt khu vflc thfldng mai tfl nong sdn , thiic phdm phue vu nhu cdu<br /> do (FTA) vdi Trung Qud'c- qud'c gia ma sdn xuat vd tieu diing trong niidc. Viet<br /> <br /> NGHllN CliU TRUNG QU6c sd 1(101) - 2010<br /> 41<br /> DOAN CONG KHANH<br /> <br /> <br /> Nam chii yeu giao lUu vdi Trung Qud'c giao Iflu kinh te dfldc xem la mdt trong<br /> thdng qua hinh thflc thfl 3. nhflng "loi mcf' hdp quy luat va xu hfldng<br /> Viet Nam - TrUng Hoa, nui lien nui, thdi dai sau khi hai nUde da gia nhap To<br /> sdng lien sdng. Thflc hidn dfldng ldi ddi chflc Thfldng mai The gidi. Dieu dd cd the'<br /> mdi va chfnh sach md cda , bien bidn gidi tha'y ro khi nhin vao "bUc tranh thong ke"<br /> Viet - Trung thanh bidn gidi eiia hoa phan anh dpng thai quan he thfldng mai<br /> binh, hflu nghi, doan ke't va hdp tac. gifla hai nUdc trong thap nidn 90 va<br /> trong dd phat tridn thUdng mai, md rdng nhflng nam dau cua thd' ky XXI.<br /> <br /> 1. Ve quy mo va tdc dp tang trirong kim ngach xua't nhap khau hang hoa thcri ky<br /> 1991-2009<br /> XUAT NHAP KHXU VIET NAM - TRUNG QUOC GIAI DOAN 1991- 2009<br /> <br /> XK cua VN sang TQ NK cua VN tir TQ Can can thucmg mai<br /> Nam Quy md Tdc Quy md Toe Quy md Ty le so vdi<br /> (Trieu USD) dd(%) (Trieu USD) dd(%) (Trieu USD) xk (%)<br /> 1991 19,1 - 18,4 - +0,7 +37<br /> 1992 95,6 400,5 31,8 72,8 +63,8 +66,7<br /> 1993 135,8 42,0 85,5 168,9 +50,3 +37,0<br /> 1994 295,7 117,7 144,2 68,7 + 151,5 +51,2<br /> 1995 361,9 22,4 329,7 128,6 +32,2 +8,9<br /> 1996 340,2 -6,0 329,0 -0,2 +11,2 +3,3<br /> 1997 474,1 39,4 404,4 22,9 +69,7 +14,7<br /> 1998 440,1 -7,2 515,0 27,3 -74,9 -17,0<br /> 1999 746,4 69,6 683,4 32,7 +63,0 +8,4<br /> 2000 1.534,0 105,8 1.423,2 105,0 + 110,8 +7,2<br /> 2001 1.418,1 92,4 1.629,1 114,5 -211,0 -14,9<br /> 2002 1.495,5 105,5 2.158,8 132,5 -663,3 -44,4<br /> 2003 1.747,7 116,9 3.122,3 144,6 -1.734,6 -99,3<br /> 2004 2.735,5 156,5 4.456,5 142,7 -1.721,1 -62,9<br /> 2005 2.961,0 108,2 5.778,9 129,7 -2.817,9 -95,2<br /> 2006 3.030,0 102,3 7.390,9 127,9 -4.369,0 -144,2<br /> 2007 3.200,0 105,6 10.000,0 135,3 -6.800 -212,5<br /> 2008 4.500,0 140,6 15.600,0 156,0 11.100 246,7<br /> 2009* 5.300,0 117,8 17.200,0 110,3 11.900 224,5<br /> <br /> Nguon: Nien giam thdng ke 1995- 2006 va tfnh toan cua nhdm nghien cflu.<br /> * Sd hdu dfl fldc<br /> <br /> NGHIEN CliU TRUNG QU6C so 1(101) - 2010<br /> 42<br />  Phit trien quan he thifffng mai Viet Nam...<br /> <br /> <br /> Tfl kim ngach g i n 3 ty USD vao nam budn ban hai chidu dat 10,421 ty USD,<br /> 2000, hai nfldc da dfla ra mue tidu kim "ngfldng" 10 ty USD cflng da bi vfldt qua.<br /> ngach budn ban hai chieu 5 ty USD vao Nam 2007 va 2008, cac con sd' tfldng flng<br /> nam 2005 (tang binh quan hdn la 13,2 va 20,1 ty USD.<br /> 11,1%/nam), nhflng mue tieu nay h l u Nam 2009, kim ngach hai chidu dfl<br /> nhfl da hi "do'" ngay tfl nam 2003 bdi kim fldc dat 22,5 ty USD, tao da cho vide thflc<br /> ngach ldn tdi 4,87 ty USD. Den nam hidn trfldc thdi ban muc tieu 25 ty USD<br /> 2005, kim ngach budn ban hai chieu dat vad nam 2010 ma lanh dad ca'p cad hai<br /> 8,739 ty USD (eao gap 1,75 l l n ) va dat nfldc da xac lap. Dfl bao muc tieu nay cd<br /> nhip dp tang trfldng binh quan nhidu kha nang cflng se bi lac hau rat<br /> 19,79%/nam. Nam 2006, vdi kim ngach sdm.<br /> <br /> HINH 1. QUAN He XUAT - NHAP KHXU VI^T NAM -TRUNG QUOC<br /> Ddn vi: Trieu USD<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> - X u a t khau<br /> Nh9p khau<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 2005 2007<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 2. Ve CO cau hang hoa xuat khau trong danh muc nhflng mat hang chu<br /> yeu cua nfldc ta xuat khau sang thi<br /> Hien nay, Trung Qud'c dang la ban<br /> trUdng Trung Qud'c dat kim ngach tfl 1<br /> hang nhap khau so' 1 ve eao su, than da.<br /> Ngoai ra thuy san, rau qua tfldi cflng la trieu USD trd ldn tuy gdm 15 mat hang,<br /> mat hang cd ty trpng dang ke. Mpt sd nhflng tdng cdng cflng chi dat 1,156 ty<br /> mat hang tidu dung cua Viet Nam cung USD va chidm 81,52% tdng kim ngach<br /> b i t d i u tham nhap va tflng bfldc md xua't khau cua nam nay. Nam 2006 , tuy<br /> rdng thi phan trdn thi trfldng Trung danh mue nay cung chi tang ldn 18 mat<br /> Qud'c nhfl : giay dep , hang ddt may, linh hang, nhflng da dat 2,331 ty US D va<br /> kidn dien tfl... chidm 76,93% trong tdng kim ngach xua't<br /> Trong 6 nam g i n day, nhin ehung cd khau. Sd' mat hang dat quy md xua't<br /> d u hang hoa xuat khau sang thi trfldng khau 10 trieu USD trd ldn nam 2001 chi<br /> Trung Qud'c da khdng ngflng dfldc md gdm 8 mat hang, thi con so' nay trong<br /> rdng. Cu the, d thdi diem nam 2001, nam 2008 da la 11 mat hang.<br /> <br /> NGHI£N CliU TRUNG QUOC sd 1(101) - 2040-<br /> 43<br /> DOAN CdNG K H A N H<br /> <br /> <br /> CAC MAT HANG XUA'T KHXU CHO Y^'U CCIA V I § T NAM SANG TRUNG QU6'c<br /> Ddn vi: trieu USD<br /> <br /> TT MSt hang 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2008<br /> .1 DIU thd 686.79 847.80 1471.00 1160.16 399.91 603.5<br /> 2 Cao su 88.66 147.00 357.00 519.20 851.38 1056.9<br /> 3 Thuy san 195.30 77.80 48.10 61.97 65.05 81.0<br /> 4 Rau qua 121.50 67.10 24.90 34.94 24.61 48.9<br /> 5 Hat dieu 38.10 52.40 70.20 97.36 94.49<br /> 6 Than da 44.10 48.87 134.00 370.17 594.76 742.8<br /> 7 Det may 19.59 28.45 14.80 8.14 53.5<br /> 8 May tinh linh kifn 19.30 22.49 25.90 74.56 73.81 273.8<br /> 9 Dd gd 11.30 12.38 35.00 60.34 94.07 145.6<br /> 10 Giay dep 7.28 10.91 18.30 28.32 29.70 107.1<br /> 11 San pham nhua 2.80 7.44 4.70 3.14 12.1<br /> 12 Ca phe 3.92 6.90 5.80 7.63<br /> 13 Gao 1.68 0.29 19.20 11.96 12.44 1.4<br /> Nguon: Bd Thfldng mai (nay la Bd Cdng Thfldng).<br /> <br /> Nhfl vay, day manh xuat khau sang giai k b i t , d i u thflc vat, dfldng sfla, dd<br /> thi trfldng Trung Qud'c la van de mang dflng gia dinh, xe dap, gia'y... Hang hda<br /> tfnh chidn Ifldc cua nfldc ta hidn nay do nhap tfl Trung Qud'c vdi khd'i Ifldng ldn,<br /> Trung Qud'c - mpt nen kinh td' mang tinh chung loai da dang, chat Ifldng thap<br /> "cdng xfldng" cua thd' gidi se cdn tidp tue nhflng gia re, phu hdp vdi thu nhap d<br /> duy tri td'c dp phat tridn eao trong nhflng mflc thap ndn chi sau mpt thdi gian<br /> nam tdi. VIn de dat ra la: ndu nhfl cd d u n g i n da tran ngap thi trfldng Viet Nam.<br /> hang hoa xuat khau khdng cd nhflng dot Dac bidt, trong thdi ky nay, hang hda<br /> pha va bfldc chuyen manh me, xu the' suy nhap lau qua bidn gidi vdi khd'i Ifldng ldn<br /> giam tdc dp xua't khau sang thi trfldng nay da gay anh hfldng nghidm trpng de'n mdt<br /> se la dieu khdng the tranh khdi. so' nganh san xua't cua Viet Nam nhfl:<br /> 3. Co cau hang hoa nhap khau cua det kim, may mac, sanh sfl, thuy tinh,<br /> Viet Nam tiir thi truong Trung Qudc san xua't xe dap...<br /> <br /> - Giai doan 1991 - 1995: Nhflng mat - Giai doan 1996 - 2000: Day la thdi<br /> hang nhap khau cua Viet Nam giai doan ky ma kim ngach nhap khau hang hda<br /> nay chu ydu la: thude bac, bdng, vai sdi, tfl Trung Qud'c vao Viet Nam tang tfldng<br /> hang det kim va q u i n ao may san, pin dd'i dn dinh, tang 8 l l n so vdi giai doan<br /> cac loai, thuoc la, xa phdng giat, nfldc 1991 - 1995. Hang hda Trung Qudc x u l t<br /> <br /> NGH|£N CUU TRUNG QUOC so 1(101) - 2010<br /> 44<br />  Phit trien quan he thifffng mai Viet Nam...<br /> <br /> <br /> sang Viet Nam ra't phong phu va da ddi sd nhdm va mat hang Viet Nam xuat<br /> dang (cd de'n 200 nhdm va mat hang, gap sang Trung Qud'c).<br /> <br /> CAC MAT HANG NHAP KHAU CHU YEU TLT TRUNG QUOC<br /> (tr. USD)<br /> TT Mat hang 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008<br /> 1 xang dau 131.6 884.3 555.3 464,0 446,1<br /> 2 May mdc thiet bj, phu timg 166.5 817.6 1200.1 2394,0 3769,4<br /> 3 Phan bdn cac loai 24.0 264.3 119.0 588,0 719,9<br /> 4 Nguyen phu lieu may, da giay 23.3 323.6 304.8 1784,0 1904,6<br /> 5 sat thep 75.1 718.0 1296.2 2335,0 2308,8<br /> 6 Linh kien dien tfl, may tinh 20.3 155.4 243.2 517,0 654,3<br /> 7 Chat deo nguyen lieu 4.1 35.2<br /> 8 Tan dupfc 4.9 6.3<br /> 10 Vai cac loai 37.3 661.2 895.6<br /> 11 6 td, Xe may & Linh kien, phu tiing 118.9 101.3 510.0 674,1<br /> 12 Hoa chat 61.1 169.9 203.8 522,0 729,2<br /> 13 Kim loai thudng khae 28.7 71.9<br /> 14 Sgi 17.3 51.5<br /> 15 Giay 3.7 17.5<br /> Ngudn: Bd Thfldng mai (nay la Bd Cdng ThUdng).<br /> <br /> Trong cac mat hang va nhdm hang ndu nhfl kim ngach nhap khau hang hoa<br /> nhap khau neu trdn, hang hda la may mdc tfl thi trfldng Trung Qud'c nam 2000 chi<br /> thiet bi chidm 27,95%, nguydn lieu chiem mdi la 1,4 ty USD, thi nam 2006 da dat<br /> 7,391 ty USD, tflc la da tang 31,59%/<br /> 19,7%; hang tidu dung chiem 47%...<br /> nam. Day thflc sfl la mdt ky luc xet tren<br /> Nhflng nhdm hang cd khd'i Ifldng nhap ldn<br /> nhieu phfldng didn: tang cao 1,64 lln<br /> trdng thdi ky nay la: may mdc ndng<br /> nhip dp tang trfldng nhap khau chung tfl<br /> nghidp va chd' bien ndng lam san, thidt bi thi trfldng the gidi; tang cao ky luc so vdi<br /> san xult xi mang Id dflng, may mdc cho nhip dp tang nhap khau tfl 9 thi trfldng<br /> nganh ddt, thidt bi san xua't phan bdn va chu ydu cua nfldc ta trong giai doan nay.<br /> cac loai may phat didn c3 nho. Nam 2007 va 2008 , nhap sieu tfl Trung<br /> - Giai doan 2001- 2009: Cac sd lieu Qud'c v i n d mflc cao: 9,15 va 11,12 ty<br /> thdng kd nhflng nam g i n day eho thiy. USD.<br /> <br /> NGHltN CliU TRUNG QUOC sd 1(101) - 2010<br /> 45<br /> DOAN CONG KHANH<br /> <br /> <br /> Chfnh vi nhap khau hang hoa tfl thi td't hdn nhieu so vdi nhflng gi cac doanh<br /> trfldng nay lidn tue tang bung nd nhfl nghidp nUdc ta lam dUdc tfl thi trfldng<br /> vay, cho ndn ngay tfl nam 2003 ,Trung nay. Hp da trd t h a n h ngfldi "lap cdng<br /> Qud'c da vfldt Nhat B an de trd thanh d i u " trong vide lidn tue hoan thanh rat<br /> qudc gia xuat k h i u hang hoa ldn nhat sdm d c muc tidu md rpng quy md budn<br /> cho nfldc ta trong bd'n nam qua. ban hai chieu do lanh dao Dang va Nha<br /> Con sd kim ngach nhap khau hang nfldc hai nfldc da dat ra.<br /> hoa cua nfldc ta tfl thi trfldng Trung 4. Ve can can thuong mai giura Viet<br /> Qude glp 3,47 va 3,25 l l n kim ngach Nam vdi Trung Qudc<br /> x u l t khau hang hoa sang thi trfldng nay<br /> Tham hut can can thfldng mai Viet<br /> d c nam 2008 va 2009 cho thay mpt<br /> Nam - Trung Qude trong giai doan 1990-<br /> thflc te la: du thi trfldng nfldc ta cdn r i t<br /> 2006 dfldc the hien trong Hinh 2.<br /> nhd, nhflng d c doanh nghiep Trung<br /> qud'c da khai thae thi trUdng Viet Nam<br /> <br /> HINH 2: CAN CAN THl/ONG MAI VI§T NAM - TRUNG QUOC GIAI DOAN 1990-2006<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> -6000<br /> <br /> Ngudn: Bd Thfldng Mai (nay la Bd Cdng Thfldng)va Tdng cue hai quan<br /> <br /> Giai doan 1991 - 1995, tdng xua't sidu 1991 - 1995. Nhfl vay trong sudt thdi ky<br /> cua Viet Nam dd'i vdi Trung Qud'c la 1991 - 2000, Viet Nam lien tue xuat sidu<br /> 298,5 trieu USD, chiem 46,8% so vdi kim sang Trung Qud'c (chi trfl nam 1998 Viet<br /> ngach xua't khau cua Viet Nam vao Nam nhap sieu la 74,9 trieu USD chiem<br /> Trung Qudc. Giai doan 1996 - 2000, tdng 17% so vdi ki m ngach xua't khau cua<br /> xua't sieu dat 204,3 trieu USD, chi chiem Viet Nam vao Trung Qud'c cua nam nay).<br /> 5,8%, thap hdn ca ve so' tuyet dd'i va so Tong xuat sidu cua Viet Nam vao Trung<br /> tfldng dd'i so vdi giai doan trfldc (ty le Qude ca thdi ky 1991 - 2000 la 502,8<br /> 5,8% nay chi b i n g 1/8 so vdi giai doan tridu USD, chid'm 12% so vdi tdng kim<br /> <br /> NGHllN CliU TRUNG QUAc sd 1(101) - 2010<br /> 46<br />  Phit triin quan hS thuong mai Vi§t Nam.<br /> <br /> <br /> ngach xua't khau eiia Viet Nam vao Ndu ke ca thfldng mai dich vu, bao<br /> Trung Qudc va chid'm 0,7% so vdi kim gdm ngan hang, du lich, vidn thdng va<br /> ngach x u l t k h i u cua ea nfldc thdi ky mua didn thi chac chan tham hut thfldng<br /> nay. Day la thdi ky td'c dp tang trfldng mai cua Viet Nam cdn cao hdn so' lieu da<br /> jcult sidu binh quan ciia Viet Nam dd'i dfldc Hai quan Viet Nam va Hai quan<br /> vdi thi trfldng Trung Qud'c la kha cao Trung Qud'c cdng bd'. ,,. ini.i^'<br /> (79,5%/nam). Neu nhfl tham hut thfldng mai ve sd'<br /> CIc kdt qua tinh toan tfl cac sd' lieu Ifldng dat ra nhflng van de nghiem tflc<br /> thd'ng kd xua't nhap khau hang hoa cua ve can dd'i tai khoan vang lai gifla hai<br /> Viet Nam vdi Trung Quo'c trong 7 nam ndn kinh td' thi cd d u hang xua't, nhap<br /> gin day cho tha'y, tfl xuat phat diem khau lai cho tha'y chat Ifldng cua trao ddi<br /> xuat sidu 110,8 trieu USD, b i n g 7,79% thfldng mai gifla hai nfldc ngay cang bat<br /> kim ngach nhap khau nam 2000, chung ldi cho phia Viet Nam. - .<br /> ta da chuydn sang nhap sidu g i n gap ddi Danh gia chung cd the ndi, bdn canh<br /> trong nam 2001 (211,0 trieu USD), b i n g nhflng mat dat dfldc, van cdn mpt sd' tdn<br /> 14,48% kim ngach xuat khau va ddn nay tai cd thd ke tdi la :<br /> van h l u nhfl lien tue tang "phi ma": nam - Khung khd phap ly cho trao ddi<br /> 2002 tang ldn 663,3 trieu USD; nam thUdng mai da dUde d i thidn dang ke<br /> 2003 tang g i n gap ba l l n (1.734,6 trieu nhUng van cdn met sd' vi'n de vUdng mic<br /> USD); nam 2004 dflng d mflc 1.721,1 nhu treng vide thiic hidn Hiep dinh<br /> trieu USD; nam 2005 tang g l p 1,64 lln ACFTA, ky kdt cac van ban quy dinh ve<br /> (2.817,9 trieu USD); nam 2006 tiep tue kidm dich ddng thiic vat, quan ly hang<br /> tang 1,55 l l n va dat ky luc 4.360,9 trieu hoa trao ddi qua bien. gidi...<br /> USD. Nam 2007 va 2008, con sd nhap - Tuy td'c dp tang trudng kim ngach<br /> sidu tfldng flng la 9,145 - 11,116 ty USD. trad ddi hang boa gifla hai nfldc tfldng<br /> Tfnh chung lai, trong nhflng nam d i u dd'i nhanh, nhflng kim ngach xua't nhap<br /> thap ky nay, nhip dp tang nhap sidu cua k h i u v i n chid'm ty trpng thap trong tdng<br /> nfldc ta tfl thi trfldng Trung Qud'c gia kim ngach xua't nhap khau cua mdi<br /> nUdc: khoang 5% tdng kim ngach xult<br /> tang kha nhanh.<br /> nhap khau cua Viet Nam va 0,4%i tdng<br /> Day thiic sU la nhflng mflc nhap sidu<br /> kim ngach x u l t nhap k h i u cua Trung<br /> r i t cao, bdi chi ridng nhap sidu tfl thi<br /> Qud'c.<br /> trfldng nay da chid'm ty trpng kha ldn<br /> trong "rd hang hoa nhap sidu" ciia nfldc - Viet Nam chUa tan dung dUdc cd hpi<br /> ta: nam 2001: 18,58%; nam 2002: de khai thac td't cac cd hdi tham nhap thi<br /> 21,91%; nam 2003: 34,34%; nam 2004; trudng Trung Qud'c trong bd'i d n h phfa<br /> 31,58%; nam 2005: 62,12% ; nam 2006 Trung Qud'c md cfla thi trUdng, thUc hi^n<br /> cam kd't ehung trong ChUdng trinh thu<br /> d^t ky Ivc 81,10%. Nam 2007 va 2008 ,<br /> ho^ch sdm, d^c bi$t la ddi vdi m^t hang<br /> cIc con sd tfldng flng la 65,3 va 61,6 %.<br /> <br /> NGHllN CliU TRUNG QUtfC s6' 1(101) - 2010<br /> 47<br /> DOAN CONG KHANH<br /> <br /> <br /> ndng san, thuy san ciia Viet Nam ma cac Cd ea'u thUdng mai gifla Viet Nam<br /> tinh Tay Nam Trung Qud'c ed nhu e l u va Trung Qud'c la mpt vi du dien hinh<br /> ldn. cho quan he Bic - Nam (khai nidm trong<br /> -•ThUdng mai chUa that sU g i n vdi kinh te hpe dfldc dung de ehi quan he<br /> d i u tu va ehuyen giao cdng nghd. Viet thfldng mai gifla nfldc phat tridn d phia<br /> Nam chUa tan diang dUdc cd hpi d i u tU Bac ban d u va nfldc dang phat trien d<br /> tfl Trung Qude dd xua't khau sang thi phia Nam), trong dd Viet Nam chu ye'u<br /> trfldng nay va cac thi trfldng khae. xua't khau nguydn lieu, san pham thd cd<br /> - Mac d i u cd ldi thd' ve vi trf dia kinh gia tri gia tang tha'p va nhap nhflng san<br /> pham chd' tic, cd gia tri gia tang va ham<br /> td', nhflng Viet Nam van chfla khai thac<br /> lUdng cdng nghe cao hdn do Trung Qud'c<br /> triet de ye'u to' nay de tang kim ngach<br /> san xua't... Nhflng nghieh ly nay dat ra<br /> xua't khau. LUdng hang hoa cua Trung<br /> nhflng eau hdi nghiem tue ve sii phat<br /> Qud'c qua d n h qua Viet Nam van cdn<br /> trien kinh te' eua chu ng ta : tham hut<br /> nho be. Dau tU cho cd sd ha tang giao<br /> thUdng mai nay cd the tie'p diin de'n mflc<br /> thdng de ke't nd'i vdi he thd'ng giao thdng<br /> dp nao va tac dpng nhfl the nao tdi nen<br /> cua Trung Qudc van cdn ban che.<br /> kinh te Viet Nam (ve can can thanh toan<br /> Kha nang tid'p tue gia tang nhap sieu qud'c td', nha't la d n can vang lai, vide<br /> tfl Trung Qud'c trong nhflng nam tdi la lam va thu nhap eua lao ddng Viet<br /> rat ldn. Do v^y, v i n de tim kidm nhflng Nam...). Cd the dfl doan r i n g cudc canh<br /> giai phap de k h i c phue qua trinh tang tranh nay s i p tdi se cdn gay g i t hdn, ddi<br /> td'c nhap sieu ma lanh dao hai nfldc da hdi Viet Nam phai cd chinh sach va<br /> sdm khang dinh khi quydt dinh tang td'c phfldng an thfch hdp.<br /> quan he thfldng mai hai chieu ldn 25 ty<br /> Xet ve phUdng thflc giao dieh , thfldng<br /> USD vao cud'i thap ky nay da trd thanh mai Viet Nam - Trung Qude chu yeu<br /> va'n de ngay cang bflc xuc. thflc hidn qua dfldng tieu ngach. Budn<br /> Mac dfl cd sfl tham hut cao trong can ban tidu ngach tao thuan ldi cho doanh<br /> can thfldng mai vdi Trung Qud'c nhUng nghidp giam dfldc thue, tid't kiem mdt sd<br /> dd cung la dieu kien cho phat trien kinh chi phi bao bi, chat lUdng hang hoa<br /> td va day manh xua't khau sang cac thi khdng ddi hdi cao, tham chf tranh dUdc<br /> trUdng khae. Nhu vay, du cd hi tham hut kiem dich ve an toan vd sinh. Tuy nhien,<br /> cao nhUng khdng phai la dieu qua phai budn ban tidu ngach cd nhieu diem ye'u,<br /> lo ling khi tham hut nay dUdc bu d i p didm yeu nha't la bi dpng, khdng dn dinh.<br /> b i n g thang dU tfl cac thi trUdng khae. Ydu to' khdng chac chan trong budn b i n<br /> Tuy nhien cung phai ndi r i n g : Nhap tieu ngach khidn thUdng mai Viet -<br /> sieu ra't ldn d mpt so qud'c gia chau A, Trung riii ro cao va cung tac dpng vao<br /> xuat sieu d mdt sd qudc gia ngoai khu cac hdp ddng thUdng mai chfnh ngach<br /> vUc chau A da trd thanh "can benh cd trong nUdc. Budn ban tieu ngach diln ra<br /> hflu" cua nen kinh te nfldc ta. phu thude chu ye'u vao gia ca, khi gia<br /> <br /> NGHIEN CliU TRUNG QUQC so 1(101) - 2010<br /> 48<br />  Phit triin quan hi th ifffng mai Viet Nam...<br /> <br /> <br /> tang d i n tdi hidn tUdng tranh mua d thi Trung Qudc se v i n tie'p tue la thi trfldng<br /> trUdng trong nUdc, vide tranh mua ddi trpng diem, cd t i m quan trpng to ldn dd'i<br /> vdi nhieu loai ndng san gay pha vd eae vdi xuat khau cua Viet Nam. Vdi xu<br /> hdp ddng cua elc dd'i tae da ky hdp ddng hfldng tang trfldng kha ndng nhfl hidn<br /> tidu thu ndng san vdi ndng dan. nay, trong vdng 10 nam tdi, nhu clu ve<br /> nang Ifldng, ve nguydn lieu diu vao phue<br /> Mpt sd va'n de ddt ra trong quaq he<br /> vu san xult, tieu dung eua Trung Qud'c se<br /> hpp tac kinh te gifira Viet Nam va Trung<br /> rat cao. Vi vay, chung ta d n phat huy<br /> Qudc trong giai doan tori:<br /> nhflng flu thd' ve dia ly, ve tfnh cha't bd<br /> Van de thU nhat, Trung Qude la mdt sung trong cd d u hang hoa gifla hai nfldc<br /> nUde ldn, dang phat tridn r i t nhanh va va d c nhan td' cd ldi khae de day manh<br /> cd sflc thu hut toan elu. Sfl phat trien xuat khau sang thi trfldng Trung Qud'c.<br /> cua Trung Qud'c la ed hdi phat trien cho<br /> Thi trfldng Trung Qud'c dang trong<br /> Viet Nam. Viet Nam phai cai each, phat<br /> giai doan thay ddi manh ve ed ca'u va xu<br /> trien nhanh mdi tan dung dfldc cd hdi<br /> hfldng tidu dflng, song vdi mdt sd' lUdng<br /> nay. Cham trd thi nguy cd tut hau cang<br /> dan sd' khdng id, vdi mflc thu nhap ngay<br /> cao va eang tut hau cang khd hdp tic,<br /> cang cao do kinh td' tang trfldng lidn tue,<br /> cang nhidu bat ldi.<br /> dfl dean nhu c l u cua thi trfldng nay ddi<br /> Trung Qud'c phat tridn nhanh, dn vdi cac mat hang xua't khau chu Iflc cua<br /> dinh la mpt ed hdi ldn dd'i vdi Viet Nam. Viet Nam nhfl d i u thd, than da, thuy,<br /> Vi r i n g vdi mdt thi trfldng rdng ldn, nhu hai san, rau qua, dd gd, hat didu va cac<br /> d u ve nhieu mat hang ma Viet Nam cd loai hang ndng san, trong giai ddan<br /> ldi the nhfl khoang san, ndng san, vi trf 2007-2015 v i n la rat ldn. Dac biet, nhu<br /> dia ly thuan ldi, quan he hdp tac hai bdn clu dd'i vdi nhdm hang nang Ifldng nhfl<br /> dang d vao thdi ky dfldc d l y manh, thi d i u thd, than dl, cao su se ngay cang tang<br /> trfldng Trung Qud'c trong tfldng lai la ndi manh. Trong tfldng lai, tfl nam 2015 trd<br /> tap trung cua d e cdng ty hang d i u the di, ngoai nhu d u ve cao su, Trung Qud'c se<br /> gidi... Cac ye'u td'nay se tao thuan ldi cho tidp tue gia tang nhap khau Boxit Alumi,<br /> Viet Nam vdi tfl each la nfldc lang gieng cae loai quang, hang didn tfl va nhidu loai<br /> nhd hdn va trinh dp phat tridn thap hdn. hang tidu dflng khae. Day h l u hdt la<br /> Tuy nhien, t h i c h thflc canh tranh cflng nhflng nhdm hang hoa ma Viet Nam ra't<br /> se rat ldn. Viet Nam phai thay ddi, phai cd tiem nang. Do dd, chung ta cin tap<br /> nhanh chdng ldn manh mdi tan dung trung dly manh chuyen dich cd cau xuat<br /> dfldc ed hdi nay. khau theo hfldng nang cao gia tri gia tang<br /> cac mat hang nay dd khai thac tdi da ldi<br /> Vdi td'c dp tang trfldng kinh te d mflc<br /> thd' xuat khau.<br /> kha cao va dn dinh nhfl hidn nay, cflng<br /> mdt thi trfldng hdn 1,3 ty ngfldi tieu Tan dung cd hdi tfl sfl phat tridn cua<br /> dung dang trong qua trinh chuyen bidn Trung Qud'c, Viet Nam phai khdng<br /> manh me ve cd ca'u tieu dung, thi trfldng ngflng nang cao nang Iflc canh tranh dd<br /> <br /> NGHllN CliU TRUNG QUOC so 1(101) - 2010<br /> 49<br /> DOAN CONG K H A N H<br /> <br /> <br /> cai thien d n can thfldng mai, duy tri td'c thii de p h i t trien eae linh vflc khae nhfl<br /> dp tang trfldng xua't khau ben vflng. lam ndi trung chuyen eho hang hoa eua<br /> Hidn nay, g i n 90% hang xua't khau eiia Trung Qude, phat trien thfldng mai<br /> Viet Nam sang Trung Qud'c la hang thdng qua phat trien du lieh.<br /> nguyen lieu thd trong dd ed nhflng mat Vdn de thi2 hai, Trung Qud'c la mpt<br /> hang dang han che ve so' Ifldng va kha cdng xfldng ldn, la ndi tap trung cac cdng<br /> nang khai thac nhfl d i u thd, than da, ty va tap doan ldn cua the gidi, la mang<br /> thuy san, cao su... Hang chd' bien eua kdt ndi toan eau. Mudn h(3p tac hidu qua<br /> Viet Nam chi chid'm mpt ty trpng q u i vdi Trung Quo'c, Viet Nam phai tim each<br /> nhd bd va dang chiu sflc ep canh tranh tham nhap vao he thd'ng kinh doanh<br /> ngay cang ldn tfl d c nUde ASEAN va An<br /> toan cau, chudi gia tri toan eau, Ifla chpn<br /> Dp. Trong didu kidn gia tang nhap sidu<br /> nhflng flu thd' ciia minh de phat trid'n.<br /> tfl Trung Qud'c, ndu khdng d i thien sfle<br /> Giai phap la thu hut d i u tfl tfl cae cong<br /> canh tranh cua hang hoa xuat khau,<br /> ty hang d i u the gidi.<br /> Viet Nam se khd khan trong vide d i<br /> thidn d n can thfldng mai vdi Trung Viet Nam d n cd sfl chuan hi dd tham<br /> Qud'c trong thdi gian tdi. Quan he nhap vao he thd'ng kinh doanh ciia cac<br /> thfldng mai hai nUdc mudn phat tridn TNC ciia Trung Quoe, tham gia vao cac<br /> trdn cd sd vflng chac va cung cd ldi thi chudi gia tri mang tfnh khu vflc va toan<br /> vide khai thac cac ldi thd' dd phat trien d u . Viet Nam cd the tan dung sfl dich<br /> theo chieu sau luon ludn mang tinh chuydn san xua't tfl Trung Qud'c va cac<br /> quydt dinh. nfldc trong khu vflc ve mdt so' linh nhfl<br /> Viet Nam d n tan dung ldi thd' ve vi del; may, da giay, didn tfl, che bidn ndng<br /> trf dia kinh te de phat trien cac loai hinh san. Tuy nhidn, ye'u td quydt dinh ciia sfl<br /> khae nhfl van tai qua d n h , du lich, thu tan dung nay la tang cfldng thu hut diu<br /> hut FDI. Mdt thflc te la, trong vai ba tu nUdc ngoai, cai thidn cha't lUdng lao<br /> nam tdi, hang hoa va dich vu Viet Nam ddng, tao ra sii lidn ket hidu qua gifla<br /> rat khd tham nhap vao thi trUdng khu d c nha san xua't trong nfldc va d i u tfl<br /> viic phat trien cua Trung Qud'c do tinh nfldc ngoai, cai each hanh ehinh, phat<br /> chat tUdng ddng va ban ehe sUc canh tridn ed sd ha t i n g .<br /> tranh cua hang hoa nUdc ta hidn tai. Vdn di thiJt ba, Trung Qud'c cd tiem<br /> Quan he thUdng mai gifla Viet Nam va lUc kinh td' hung manh, cd nang lUe canh<br /> Trung Qudc chu yeu la quan he thUdng tranh vUdt trdi so vdi Viet Nam, vi vay<br /> mai Viet Nam vdi cac tinh Tay Nam d n coi Trung Qude la mpt thi trUdng<br /> Trung Qudc. Day khdng phai la thi hdn la dd'i thu eanh tranh, tfl dd tranh<br /> trUdng phat trien ddi hoi hang hoa cha't thu sfl p h i t trien va dac thu thi trfldng<br /> lUdng cao, do dd khdng phai la hudng de de hdp t i c kinh te thfldng mai. Nhflng<br /> ta dau tu phat trien xua't khau trong ldi the cua Viet Nam ve dia kinh te va<br /> tUdng lai. TrUdc tinh hinh dd can tranh chinh tri d n dfldc tan dung triet de. Hdp<br /> <br /> NGHllN CliU TRUNG QUOC so 1(101) - 2010<br /> 50<br />  Phit triin quan hS th ifffng mai Viet Nam.<br /> <br /> <br /> t i e thay cho eanh tranh, ddi diu, phdng mai va dich vu vdi hp trong nhflng linh<br /> thu. vflc ta cd it flu thd'.<br /> Trong ngan han, Viet Nam khd ed the Vdn de thii tii, hdp tac vdi Trung Qud'c<br /> canh tranh dfldc vdi Trung Qudc d nhieu d n tinh ddn ldi ich thfldng mai vdi cac<br /> linh vflc, nha't la cdng nghd. Nhflng vdi dd'i tac khae. Khdng vi ldi ich ngin ban<br /> mdt thi trfldng rpng ldn, nhieu trinh dp tai Trung Qud'c ma bd m i t cd hdi d cac<br /> phat trien khae nhau, sfl thay ddi trong thi trfldng khae . Phai xay dflng chie'n<br /> cd d u kinh td' va thi trfldng, Viet Nam Ifldc ddi tac thfldng mai lau dai va linh<br /> cd the tidp can thi trfldng nay de lam ldi hdat.<br /> cho minh. Ngfldc lai, ndu coi Trung Qud'c<br /> Viet Nam ludn phai quan triet tinh<br /> la dd'i thu eanh tranh, chung ta se cd<br /> t h i n thi trfldng Trung Qud'c la mot bp<br /> tam ly dd'i phd, bi ddng.<br /> phan cua thi trfldng the' gidi. Do dd phat<br /> Chid'n Ifldc tdn tai va phat trien ben tridn quan he thfldng mai vdi Trung<br /> canh Trung Qud'c cua Viet Nam d n phai Qudc phai tfnh den quan he vdi che thi<br /> dfldc xay dflng trdn tinh t h i n lam cho trUdng khae. Va'n de nay ta chUa quan<br /> Viet Nam khae vdi Trung Qudc chfl tam dung mUc. Thiic td' la, boat ddng<br /> khdng phai lam thd' nao de Viet Nam cd<br /> nghien cflu dfl bao cua ta ve cac thi<br /> thd canh tranh vdi Trung Qud'c. Khai<br /> trfldng va md'i quan he eua chung cdn ra't<br /> thac nhflng Uu the' cua Viet Nam vdi tU<br /> ban chd, chfnh vi vay ta thfldng hi ddng,<br /> each la mdt nUdc nhd va linh boat.<br /> chay theo ldi fch ngan han.<br /> Nhidu nUdc va vung lanh thd nhd ben<br /> canh Trung Qud'c da thanh cdng khi lam Viet Nam dang cd nhidu ldi the de<br /> khae vdi Trung Qud'c nhU Nhat Ban, phat trien kinh te' dd'i ngoai vdi Trung<br /> Han Qude, Hdng Kdng, Dai Loan... Qud'c va cac nfldc ldn tren the gidi. Vdi<br /> nhflng cai each kinh td trong nhflng nam<br /> Chang han, chung ta khdng dUdc<br /> qua, tfl each thanh vien WTO trong<br /> gidng hp ve mat ca'u true cua mdt ndn<br /> nhflng nam tdi, vi trf dia kinh td' thuan<br /> kinh td' hang hoa, tflc la d u true san<br /> ldi cho d i u tfl, du lich, thfldng mai, van<br /> pham. Vdi mdt cdng ddng san xuat va tai..., V idt Nam cd th d trd thanh tam<br /> tieu thu ldn nhfl vay chung ta khdng du didm cua sfl chu y qud'c td'. Trfldc hdt la<br /> sflc canh tranh. Ndi dung hdn dd la dd'i flu thd' trong canh tranh thu hut FDL<br /> thu khdng the eanh tranh dfldc. Nhidm Dang cd dau hidu ddng FDI dd ngay<br /> vu cua nhflng ngfldi hoach dinh chinh cang nhidu vao Viet Nam. Trong 3 thang<br /> sach kinh td' Viet Nam la phai dfla ra d i u nam 2007, Viet Nam da thu hut<br /> dfldc nhflng chidn Iflcfc hang hoa phfl dfldc 2,5 ty USD vd'n FDI. Tiep den la Uu<br /> hdp, che phep chung ta cd the tang thd ve quy md thi trUdng vdi thu nhap<br /> cfldng hdp t i e vdi Trung Qud'c, tranh dang tang nhanh. Cudi cflng la mdi<br /> hoac giam bdt nguy cd dd'i d i u ve thfldng trfldng chfnh tri dn dinh.<br /> <br /> NGHllN CliU TRUNG QUOC s d 1(101) - 2010<br /> 51<br /> DOAN CONG K H A N H<br /> <br /> <br /> Viet Nam dang cd vi tri ngay cang eao cung la mdt trong nhflng ly do khien<br /> trong nen chfnh tri the gidi. Uy tin cua doanh nghidp nfldc ta thfldng chay theo<br /> Viet Nam se tao dieu kidn de da dang ldi fch trfldc mat. Vu "ehe vang" hay xua't<br /> h o l md'i quan he kinh td' thfldng mai, cd khau khoang san thd d cac tinh phfa Bic<br /> nhflng Ilia chpn dd'i t i e phu hdp va hieu trong cac nam 2003, 2004, 2005 la thflc<br /> qua. Tuy nhien cung d n tfnh ddn d c td' da chflng minh cho dieu nay.<br /> md'i quan he vdi d e dd'i t i e khae, nha't la Vdn de thii sdu, p h i t trien quan he<br /> cac nfldc ldn, d c nfldc lang gidng. Trong kinh te vdi Trung Qud'c trdn ed sd dam<br /> bd'i canh gia tang d c md'i quan he kinh bao an ninh qud'c gia, chu quyen lanh<br /> te' da phfldng va song phUdng, d n xay thd, xd ly td't cac va'n de tranh chap<br /> diing chid'n lUdc dd'i tac thUdng mai tren thfldng mai, bao vd mdi trfldng...<br /> cd sd nhflng phan tich va dfl bao chid'n<br /> Trong hoat dpng kinh doanh thfldng<br /> Ifldc dung dan. Khdng qua tap trung vao<br /> mai vdi Trung Qud'c, budn b i n tidu<br /> mdt thi trUdng, phai cd quan didm chie'n<br /> ngach qua bidn gidi tuy dang mang lai<br /> lUdc dai ban.<br /> ldi ich kinh td' ro ret, nhflng day la hinh<br /> Vdn di thii ndm, trong quan he vdi thflc thfldng mai ca'p tha'p trong thfldng<br /> Trung Qud'c, Viet Nam d n tfnh de'n ldi mai qud'c td', thidu tinh dn dinh va chfla<br /> fch tdng the de cd sii phd'i hdp hanh dflng trong dd nhflng ydu to' cua kinh td<br /> ddng. Chay theo ldi fch ngan ban, cue bd nglm, ba't hdp phap, gay anh hfldng bat<br /> se hi thidt thdi vdi Trung Qud'c, d vao the<br /> ldi dd'i vdi an sinh xa hpi. Nan budn lau<br /> hi ddng, danh ma't cd hdi dai han.<br /> hang boa lam tran ngap thi trfldng<br /> Trong quan he thUdng mai vdi Trung nhflng hang kem chat Ifldng, hang ddc<br /> Qud'c, cac doanh nghidp Viet Nam chUa hai, tham chi ca nhflng loai ma tuy tinh<br /> cd chid'n lUdc kinh doanh dai ban. Cac che... gay thidt hai eho nen kinh te ndi<br /> mat hang xua't khau ciia ta sang Trung<br /> chung va doanh nghidp kinh doanh<br /> Qud'c la d c nhdm hang cd ngudn gd'c tai<br /> thfldng mai ndi ridng, va tfl dd cd kha<br /> nguyen thidn nhien nhU khoang san,<br /> nang dfla de'n sfl bat dn eho an ninh qud'c<br /> ndng san, thuy san. Nhieu mat hang<br /> gia. Nan budn ban bat hdp p h i p van<br /> thuoc quan ly cua Nha nUdc, cac nhdm<br /> chuyen hang hoa qua bien gidi khdng<br /> hang phu thude nhieu vao dieu kien tii<br /> kidm soat dfldc tflng ndi, tflng luc, tinh<br /> nhien va rat de bien ddng. Dd'i vdi nhdm<br /> trang xua't nhap d n h trai phep... la<br /> hang khoang san, doanh nghiep cd tam<br /> nhflng hanh vi xam pham ddn ca chii<br /> ly la tranh thu de khai thac nhanh, xua't<br /> quyen qud'c gia d n phai dfldc ban ehe va<br /> nhanh vi trfl Ifldng va kha nang khai<br /> thac cd han. Dd'i vdi nhdm hang ndng ngan chan.<br /> san, thuy san phu thude nhieu vao thdi Phat trien thfldng mai vdi Trung<br /> tiet, ky thuat canh tac va gia ca that Qud'c cung d n tfnh de'n cac ydu to' mdi<br /> thfldng nen kinh doanh vdi thi trfldng trfldng va p h i t tridn ben vflng. Xult<br /> Trung Qud'c tiem an nhieu rui ro. Day khau Viet Nam sang Trung Qude ehu<br /> <br /> NGHllN CliU TRUNG QUdC so 1(101) - 2010<br /> 52<br />  Phit trien quan he thifffng mai Viet Nam.<br /> <br /> <br /> yeu la tai nguyen va san pham ed ngudn 2009-2015 phai phu hdp vdi dinh hfldng<br /> gdc da dang sinh hpc. Neu khdng dfldc phat tridn x u l t khau cua Viet Nam giai<br /> quan ly tdt, chay theo ldi ich trfldc m i t doan 2006-2010 la "Phat trien xua't khau<br /> se cd nguy cd suy thoai mdi trfldng va vdi td'c dp tang trUdng cae va ben vflng,<br /> can kiet tai nguydn thidn nhidn. Ben lam ddng Iflc thuc day tang trfldng GDP.<br /> canh dd, Trung Qud'c phat trien nhanh Day manh xua't khau cac mat hang cd ldi<br /> (ndng) cung se anh hfldng ddn mdi thd canh tranh, ddng thdi tfeh ciic phat<br /> trfldng Viet Nam. Md cfla bidn gidi, tfl dd tridn cac mat hang khae cd tiem nang<br /> hda thfldng mai theo cac Hiep dinh qudc thanh nhflng mat hang xuat khau chu<br /> te va khu vflc keo theo vide di nhap cac Iflc mdi, theo hfldng nang cao hidu qua<br /> san pham, hang boa khdng than thien xua't khau. Chuyen dich cd d u xua't<br /> vdi mdi trfldng va sflc khoe con ngfldi vao khau theo hfldng day manh xua't khau<br /> nfldc ta. nhflng mat hang cd gia tri gia tang cao;<br /> Trong quan he vdi Trung Qud'c, ta tang san pham chd' bidn, che tao, san<br /> cung d n t inh ddn va' n de tranh chap pham cd ham Ifldng cdng nghe va chat<br /> thfldng mai. Vdi quy md thfldng mai hidn xam cao, giam dan ty trpng hang xua't<br /> nay, cac tranh chap thfldng mai se gia khau thd".<br /> tang, dac bidt la cac bidn phap tfl vd Nhiing dinh hudng ldn:<br /> (theo WTO) de ban che hang nhap khau<br /> - Tan dung cd hdi tfl sfl tang trfldng<br /> vao nfldc ta gay mat dn dinh thi tvfldng<br /> cua Trung Qudc, sfl thieu hut ve nguyen<br /> va thidt hai cho Viet Nam.<br /> lieu va mdt sd' hang boa khae nhfl ndng<br /> Djnh hudng hpp tac trong ITnh vuc san, thuy san de tang cUdng xuat khau<br /> thuong mai sang thi trUdng nay. TrUdc bet phai cung<br /> Vdi phfldng cham la tan dung td'i da cd' va day manh xua't k h i u nhflng mat<br /> hang chu Iflc dang xua't khau va da dflng<br /> cd hpi tfl sfl phat trien cua Trung Qud'c<br /> chan dfldc tai thi trfldng Trung Qud'c.<br /> de' tang kim ngach xuat khau, ban che<br /> Tflng bfldc nang cao chat Ifldng, tang<br /> nhap sidu, quan ly td't thfldng mai bidn<br /> ham Ifldng chd' bie'n, giam xuat k h i u thd..<br /> mau, xd ly td't cac van de tranh chap<br /> thfldng mai, trad ddi thfldng mai trdn cd - Khai thac tiem nang xua't khau<br /> sd quan he kinh deanh thfldng mai binh nhflng mat hang mdi theo hfldng dau tfl<br /> ding theo dung khudn khd WTO, nhflng tfl cac ngudn vd'n trong nfldc va vd'n FDI.<br /> dinh hfldng ldn phat trien thfldng mai Tan dung cd hdi cua md cfla thfldng mai<br /> Viet Nam vdi Trung Qudc trong giai va d i u tu de thu hut FDI, day manh<br /> doan dd'n nam 2015 la: x u l t khau, tham gia vao chudi gia tri<br /> hang hoa cua khu vUc. Phan da'u tang<br /> a) Dinh hiidng xudt khdu ty trpng hang cdng nghidp xua't khau<br /> Dinh hfldng xuat k h i u cua Viet Nam trong cd ca'u hang hea xua't khau sang<br /> sang thi trfldng Trung Qud'c giai doan Trung Qud'c. Day manh hdp tac thUdng<br /> <br /> NGHllN CliU TRUNG QUOC sd 1(101) - 2010<br /> 53<br /> D O A N CONG K H A N H<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> mai theo hUdng hdp tac d i u tU vdi cac 23,5% (nam 2015). Trong thdi gian tdi,<br /> doanh nghiep Trung Qud'c. thi trfldng Trung Quoe van tie'p tue c6<br /> - Nghien cflu xay dflng d c diem tang nhu d u nhap k h i u ra't ldn nhdm hang<br /> trfldng x u l t khau mdi trong giai doan nay, ta lai cd tiem nang day manh xua't<br /> 2010-2015 va xay diing chfldng trinh d k h i u va it chiu sflc 6p eanh tranh tfl<br /> d p qud'c gia dd' thflc hidn diem tang Trung Qud'c hoac nflde khae. Tuy nhien<br /> trfldng xuat khau nay. ta eung se gap khd khan ve kha nang md<br /> - Ra soat d c chfnh sich, bien phap rdng quy md nudi, trdng va ehu ydu phai<br /> ban chd', can trd xua't khau dd cd phfldng dfla vao gia tang ham Ifldng chd' bidn de<br /> an thao gd tao mdi trfldng thuan ldi cho nang cao gii tri xua't khau. Thi trfldng<br /> xuat khau. chu ydu eho d c mat hang nay la cac tinh<br /> Tay va Tay Nam Trung Qud'c va cac<br /> Trong giai doan 2010-2015, dfl bao tdc<br /> tinh, t h a n h phd' Dai Lien, Thanh Dao.<br /> dp tang trUdng xuat khau hang boa sang<br /> Trung Qud'c binh quan dat mflc 12%, - Nhdm hang edng nghidp: do gap<br /> ddn nam 2010 dat kim ngach xua't khau thuan Icfi ve md rpng quy md san xult,<br /> 5,4 ty USD va 9 ty USD vao nam 2015. ddng thdi nang eao gia tri gia tang nhd<br /> ddi mdi cdng nghd (dac bidt thdng qua<br /> Dinh hiidng xudt khdu mpt sd<br /> boat ddng cua cae dfl an d i u tfl trflc tidp<br /> nhom hdng:<br /> nflde ngoai se b i t d i u di vao boat dpng<br /> - Nhdm hang nhidn lieu, khoang san: trong giai doan nay) nen xua't khau cd<br /> trong giai doan trfldc nam 2010, kim xu hfldng tang nhanh ca ve td'c dp tang<br /> ngach xuat khau nhdm nay van tang. trudng va ty trpng xua't khau trong tdng<br /> Trong giai doan 2010-2015, kim ngach kim ngach xua't khau, dii kid'n ty trpng<br /> xua't khau dau thd va than da se giam do chid'm khoang tfl 8,5% (nam2009) ldn<br /> chfnh sach chung eua ta ve ban che x u l t 18% (nam 2010) va 27% (nam 2015).<br /> khau nhidn lieu; tuy nhidn giai doan nay<br /> Tuy nhidn, ta d n chu trpng nhflng<br /> se cd d c mat hang mdi nhU Boxit<br /> Alumina tfl Lam Ddng va Die Ndng va mat hang ma Trung Qude gap khd khan<br /> quang sat tinh luydn tham gia xuat ve nguydn lieu nhflng cd nhu e l u nhap<br /> khau se lam cho kim ngach xua't khau khau ldn nhfl day dien va day cap didn<br /> nhdm hang nay khdng sut giam nhieu. cac loai, san p h i m gd cao d p . Thi<br /> Thi trfldng cho nhdm hang nay chinh la trfldng chu ydu cua mat hang nay la cac<br /> cac tinh giap bien gidi la Tay Nam va tinh Tay, Tay Nam va mien Ddng Trung<br /> Quang Ddng Trung Qud'c. Qudc.<br /> - Nhdm hang ndng, lam thuy san: se - Nhdm nhflng mat hang mdi: day la<br /> cd xu hfldng tang vdi td'c dp cham. Ty nhdm mat hang tao ndn nhflng diem<br /> trpng xuat khau nhdm hang nay trong tang trfldng xua't khau mdi sang Trung<br /> tdng kim ngach xua't dfl kien se tang tfl Qud'c. Ngoai nhflng mat hang khoang<br /> 9% (nam 2009) ldn 18,5% (nam 2010) va san nhfl Boxit Alumina, quang s i t va<br /> <br /> NGHllN CliU TRUNG QUOC so 1(101) - 2010<br /> 54<br />  Phit trien quan he thifffng mai Viet Nam.<br /> <br /> <br /> nhflng mat hang ta ed thd' phat trien tfl khdng ddi hdi qua cao so vdi cac dd thi<br /> nhflng mat hang tiem nang cua ta thi khae d Trung Qud'c, va cflng khdng cao<br /> nhdm cac mat hang dfldc cae nha d i u tfl nhfl cac thi trfldng khae nhfl khu vflc Au<br /> nflde ngoai san x u l t ra la cflc ky quan - My. Bdn canh dd d n nghien cflu xu<br /> trpng. Trong dd cac san pham ma cac hfldng md rdng xuat khau sang thi<br /> nfldc va vung lanh thd nhfl Nhat Ban, trfldng mdt sd' tinh phat trien mien Ddng<br /> Han Qud'c, Dai Loan, Singapore, Uc, Trung Qud'c. Mdt so' thi trfldng chu ydu:<br /> Phip, Dflc hidn dang x u l t khau vao - Quang Tay, Van Nam va cac tinh/<br /> Trung Qud'c nay cd nhu clu chuydn giao thanh phd' mien Tay Trung Qud'c (Tfl<br /> diu tfl tai Viet Nam dd san xua't va xuat Xuydn, Trung Khanh, Quy Chau)<br /> khiu nhflng san pham cd chat Ifldng cao - Cac tinh mien Ddng Trung Qud'c<br /> ma t hi t rfldng T rung Qud'c c d nhu c l u nhfl: Quang Ddng, Phflc Kie'n, Hai Nam,<br /> nhap khau r i t ldn nhfl: elc loai san pham Thfldng Hai, Bic Kinh, Chid't Giang, Sdn<br /> cao su, san p h i m nhfla, cdng nghd vien Ddng.<br /> thdng, p h i n mem tin hpc, may vi tfnh,<br /> - Dai Lien, Thanh Dao (dd'i vdi thuy<br /> linh kidn didn tfl, nhdm va cac san pham<br /> hai san)<br /> tfl nhdm, giay eao d p , kinh va gflong kfnh<br /> cao cap, sdi boa hpc, tan dfldc. b) Dinh hiidng nhap khdu<br /> <br /> Dfl kid'n kim ngach xua't khau cac mat Trong giai doan 2009-2015, nhap<br /> hang hidn cac nfldc dang x u l t khau vao khau cua Viet Nam tfl thi trfldng Trung<br /> Trung Qudc do FDI d i u tfl san x u l t tai Qud'c v i n tang manh do md cda thfldng<br /> Viet Nam mang lai: nam 2010 dat mai va nhu d u ve nguyen lieu, thiet hi,<br /> khoang 420-450 trieu USD; nam 2015 may mdc cua ta van cdn ldn. Se cd sfl<br /> dat khoang 900-1000 trieu USD. chuyen giao cdng nghd tfl Trung Qud'c<br /> Thi trfldng nhdm mat hang nay chu sang Viet Nam trong nhflng nganh sfl<br /> yeu la cac tinh Van Nam, Quang Tay va dung nhieu lao ddng nhfl det may, da<br /> cac tinh mien Ddng Trung Qud'c. giay, lap rap didn tfl. Dfl bao, td'c dp tang<br /> nhap khau van d mflc cao tfl nay cho den<br /> Dinh hiidng khu vUc thi trUdng<br /> 2015, trong dd giai doan 2009-2010 tang<br /> xudt khdu<br /> cao hdn. Dfl kid'n td'c dp tang trfldng xua't<br /> Dinh hfldng x u l t khau vao khu vflc k h i u binh quan cho ca giai doan khoang<br /> hidn cd nhu d u nhap khau ldn va ta 12%/nam.<br /> dang x u l t k h i u manh hoac chfla tidp Dinh hfldng chung cho tflng nhdm<br /> can dfldc vao khu vflc kem phat trien dd' hang nhap khau tfl Trung Qud'c trong<br /> cd thd' day manh hang xua't khau ciia ta giai doan 2007-2015 nhfl sau:<br /> khi ma trinh dp tidu thu tai khu vflc - Nhdm hang nguydn nhien lieu, vat<br /> mien Tay va Tay Nam Trung Qude tfl: Chid'm ty trpng ldn khoang 50% trong<br /> <br /> NGHllN CliU TRUNG QU6C sd 1(101) - 2010<br /> 55<br /> DOAN CdNG KHANH<br /> <br /> tdng kim ngach nhap k h i u tfl Trung c) Dinh hudng vi xii ly nhap sieu<br /> Qud'c giai doan 2001-2006 va se tidp tue Do nhu c l u cua Viet Nam ve nhap<br /> tang nhflng cham va chid'm ty trpng k h i u cac loai hang hoa tfl Trung Qudc<br /> khoang 60% trong giai doan 2009-2015. cdn rat ldn va cung vdi vide mien giam<br /> Do nhdm hang nay la nhdm hang thue theo khudn khd ACFTA, hang nhap<br /> nguyen nhidn lieu thidt ydu phue vu cho khau tfl Trung Qud'c se tid'p tue tang<br /> san xuat, tidu dung, phat trien kinh td' manh. Trong khi dd xua't khau ciia nfldc<br /> ciia nfldc ta, ddng thdi la cac san pham ta tang cd mflc dp va eae giai phap ban<br /> ma trong nfldc chfla san xua't dfldc hoac ehe' nhap sidu chfla the phat huy td't<br /> san xuat nhflng khdng dii dap flng nhu<br /> hidu qua thi tinh hinh nhap sidu tfl<br /> c l u trong nfldc.<br /> Trung Qudc giai doan 2009-2015 chfla<br /> - Nhdm hang cong nghidp: trong giai thd cd sU thay ddi ldn, tham chf cdn tang<br /> doan 2009-2015, Viet Nam se tid'p tue dd'n 2015. Nhfl vay, va'n de dat ra la<br /> nhap khau nhieu mat hang cdng nghidp<br /> khdng phai tim each han chd' nhap sidu<br /> tfl Trung Qud'c va ty trpng nhap khau<br /> b i n g mpi gia ma khd'ng ehe mflc nhap<br /> nhdm hang nay trong tdng nhap khau tfl<br /> sieu trong gidi han eho phep, tflc la mflc<br /> Trung Qudc se tang tfl 25% ldn 30%.<br /> Mat hang nhap khau chu yd'u la: hoa nhap sidu khdng anh hfldng ldn dd'n dn<br /> chat, phan bdn, sat thep, may mdc, thidt dinh kinh te vi mo nhfl nd nflde ngeai,<br /> bi phu tung, dtd... can can t h a n h toan.<br /> • Nhdm hang tidu dflng: nhdm hang C i n phai cd each nhin nhan v i n de<br /> nay cd kha nang tang nhap k h i u va nhap sidu mpt each tdng thd', trdn t i t ca<br /> chid'm ty trpng tfl 15% do nhap k h i u dtd cac thi trfldng va phan tfeh sau sic anh<br /> dfl bao se tang manh trong giai doan tdi. hudng cua nd dd'i vdi tang trudng kinh td'<br /> Trong giai doan 2009-2015, vide nhap va dn dinh kinh te vi md. Can b i n g can<br /> k h i u hang hoa tfl Trung Qud'c se tid'p can thUdng mai la d n thiet nhUng<br /> tue tang manh . Do d d ta d n phai cd khdng phai la muc dich cud'i cung. Kinh<br /> dinh hfldng cu the ve boat ddng nhap nghidm cac nUdc dang cdng nghidp hoa<br /> k h i u hang boa tfl Trung Qud'c de dam cho tha'y, nhieu nUde nhap sidu vdi ty<br /> bao chat Ifldng hang h o l nhap khau, trpng ldn nhU Thai Lan (1992-1995),<br /> lanh manh h o l thi trfldng nhap k h i u Han Qud'c (nhflng nam 80 the ky XX),<br /> b i n g vide xay dflng cae quy chuan cu the nhflng kinh te v i n tang trudng eao va<br /> chd cac Idai hang hol, cdng nghd, may khdng gay ba't dn dd'n kinh te vi md .<br /> mdc cu the khi nhap khau vao Viet Nam Thiic te cho tha'y, Viet Nam nhap sidu<br /> va giao cho d e ed quan, ddn vi ed chflc ldn vdi Trung Qud'c nhUng lai xua't sidu<br /> nang xay dflng, quan ly d c quy chuan vdi d c nude k h i c nhU EU va Hoa Ky ma<br /> nay tidn hanh quan ly chat theo d c tidu phan ldn nhflng mat hang cd kim ngach<br /> chuan qud'c te se dfldc xay dflng. cao nhfl ddt may, da giay la nhflng mat<br /> <br /> <br /> 56 NGHllN CliU TRUNG QU6C so 1(101) - 2010<br />  Phit triin quan he thifffng mai Viet Nam.<br /> <br /> <br /> hang cd d i u vao nhap k h i u tfl Trung ninh qud'c phdng, trat tfl an toan xa hdi<br /> Qudc. Nhfl vay, van de dat ra la lam the khu vflc bidn gidi. Theo dd d n :<br /> nao de nhap khau hidn tai thuc day x u l t - Thoa thuan vdi phfa Trung Qud'c de<br /> k h i u trong dai ban, tflc la nhap khau tflng bfldc ap dung cac quy dinh, tidu<br /> canh tranh. Do dd, xfl ly van de nhap chuan thd'ng nha't cho hang boa xua't<br /> sidu mdt each ehu dpng va ben vflng chi nhap khau qua bien gidi cua hai nfldc<br /> cd thd tren ed sd ddy manh xudt khdu vd n h i m dfla boat ddng bidn mau vao ndn<br /> phdt trien sdn xudt cdc mat hdng thay the nd'p va dn dinh.<br /> nhap khdu. Ddng thdi dly manh xult - Xay diing va nang d p cd sd ha ting<br /> khau dich vu, thu hut d i u tfl tfl Trung thfldng mai tai cac tinh giap bidn gidi Viet<br /> Qud'c dd bfl d i p sfl tham hut thfldng mai, - Trung nhfl dfldng giao thdng, trung tam<br /> khdng gay ndn nhflng bidn ddng b i t ldi dd'i thfldng mai, kho bai, thdng tin,..<br /> vdi kinh te vi md. Bdn canh dd d n tid'p tue - xay dflng cd chd' didu tidt, quan ly<br /> hoan thidn chfnh sach quan ly nhap khau bidn mau linh heat, hidu qua tfl Trung<br /> de ban che nhap khau cdng nghd, thidt hi fldng dd'n dia phfldng.<br /> lac hau, d nhidm mdi trfldng, hang boa - Phat huy td'i da ldi thd' ve dia ly va<br /> chat Ifldng tha'p. dieu kidn tfl nhidn bidn gidi vdi Trung<br /> Qud'c dd' phat tridn boat ddng bien mau<br /> d) Dinh hUdng phdt trie'n bien mau gifla hai nfldc.<br /> P h i n da'u dd'n nam 2010, tien tdi lanh - P h i t tridn bien mau Viet - Trung<br /> manh hoa va nang eao hidu qua boat theo hudng van minh, hidn dai, gdp<br /> ddng cua bidn mau Viet - Trung de gdp p h i n chdng budn lau, ddng thdi kdt hdp<br /> p h i n p h i t trien kinh te, thfldng mai cua vdi bao vd mdi trUdng, dam bao an ninh<br /> cac tinh giap bidn gidi Viet - Trung. qud'c phdng, trat tU an toan xa hdi khu<br /> vUc bidn gidi.<br /> P h i n d i u xay dflng cac trung tam hang<br /> hda tai cac tinh giap bidn gidi Viet - (e) Dinh hUdng hpp tdc phdt trien<br /> Trung de phue vu cho hoat ddng xuat thuong mai dich vu<br /> nhap cua ca nfldc qua bidn gidi Viet ThUdng mai dieh vu se phat tridn<br /> Nam- Trung Qud'c. C i n xay dflng cd che nhanh, cd tdc dp tang trudng cao va on<br /> dieu tiet, quan ly bidn mau linh heat, dinh. ThUdng mai dieh vu giai doan<br /> hidu qua tfl Trung fldng dd'n dia phfldng. 2009-2015 se phat trien manh hdn sd vdi<br /> Phat huy td'i da ldi the ve dia ly va dieu thUdng mai hang hdi. Trong nhdm dich<br /> vu thUdng mai thi dich vu van tai, kho<br /> kidn tfl nhidn bidn gidi vdi Trung Qud'c<br /> ngoai quan va d n g bidn se phat tridn<br /> de phat trien boat ddng bidn mau gifla<br /> rat nhanh, dac bidt la du-lich. Dii kid'n,<br /> hai nfldc. Phat trien bidn mau Viet -<br /> hang qua canh cua Trung Qud'c qua d n g<br /> Trung theo hfldng van minh, hidn dai,<br /> Hai Phdng cd thd se ldn tdi 1 trieu tan<br /> gdp p h i n chdng budn lau, ddng thdi kdt<br /> vao nam 2010 va 5 trieu t i n vao nam<br /> hdp vdi bao vd moi trfldng, dam bao an<br /> 2015.<br /> <br /> NGHllN CliU TRUNG QUOC s d 1(101) - 2010<br /> 57<br /> DOAN CdNG KHANH<br /> <br /> (f) Dinh hudng phdt trien ccf sd ha Trudc he't cai thien mdi trUdng d i u tu dd'<br /> tdng thucfng mai thu hut FDI tfl cac cdng ty xuydn qudc<br /> - Tang cUdng hdp t i e xay diing cd sd gia vao cae linh vflc cdng nghd cao, cd sd<br /> ha tang cho boat dpng thUdng mai nhU ha tang va edng nghidp chd' bidn. Tuy<br /> dudng giao thdng, d c khu kinh te ciia nhidn, Viet Nam can cd chinh sach de<br /> khau, nang ca'p d c eang chu chuyen. kidm soat vide nhap khau cdng nghd lac<br /> - Dly manh hdp tac ve ngan hang, hau, d nhidm mdi trfldng.<br /> thanh toan, kd't e l u ha t i n g ve thdng - Chuydn dieh ed ca'u hang boa xult<br /> tin. khau dd tan dung ldi the' eanh tranh<br /> - D i u tu cho cdng t i c hai quan, kiem trong quan he thfldng mai vdi Trung<br /> dinh hang hoa x u l t nhap khau Qud'c. Nd Iflc ehuyen dich cd ca'u cdng<br /> Mgt sd gidi phdp nghidp, nhanh chdng xac lap ldi thd' so<br /> sanh trong nhflng nganh lidn quan dd'n<br /> • Tid'p tue hoan thidn khung khd phap<br /> may mdc. Phat huy ldi the so sanh dd'<br /> ly cho hdp tac thUdng mai vdi Trung<br /> khai thac khu vflc thi trUdng md ASEAN<br /> Qud'c: ra soat lai nhflng hiep dinh da ky<br /> - Trung Qud'c. Cung cd', d l y manh xult<br /> kd't gifla hai bdn de cd nhflng dieu chinh<br /> phfl hdp vdi cac cam kd't qud'c te (WTO, khau nhflng mat hang chii Iflc dang xult<br /> ACFTA), ddng thdi nang cao tfnh hidu k h i u va da dflng chan dfldc tai thi<br /> Iflc ciia cac dieu khoan da cam kd't. Dieu trfldng Trung Qud'c, tid'p tue nghidn cflu<br /> chinh va bd sung cae chfnh sach gifla md rdng mat hang de cd d i u tfl dai ban..<br /> Viet Nam va Trung Qud'c theo hudng tao - Md rdng cac hinh thflc hdp tac thuc<br /> cd che md hdn nfla cho boat ddng thfldng day phat trid'n thfldng mai vdi Trung<br /> mai trdn cac hanh lang; hoan thien Qudc nhfl day manh hdp tac xay dflng<br /> chfnh sach thud' tao mdi trUdng thuan ldi<br /> cfla k h i u va dfldng thdng thfldng, tang<br /> cho thUdng mai va d i u tU nhU ap dung<br /> cfldng hdp tac ky thuat va d i u tfl, du<br /> chfnh sach Uu dai tai chfnh dd'i vdi vung<br /> lich, hdp tac xay dflng "Hai hanh lang<br /> kinh te ciia khau, d i thidn he thd'ng<br /> thanh toan, tang cUdng sii phd'i hdp trao mdt vanh dai kinh te", kd't hdp phat<br /> ddi dinh ky d c bidn phap quan ly va trid'n mau dich bien gidi vdi hdp t i e kinh<br /> giam sat budn ban bien gidi. te, tang cfldng hdp tac chdng budn lau va<br /> - Tranh thu vi the thuan ldi cd dUdc gian lan thUdng mai, hdp tac ve dao tao<br /> sau khi gia nhap WTO va bd'i canh hdi ngudn nhan liic,...<br /> nhap khu viic de thu hut dau tu nUdc - Dd'i mdi phUdng thflc boat ddng<br /> ngoai de phat trien xua't khau va thay thfldng mai, d l y manh xuc tien thUdng<br /> the nhap khau. Day la giai phap quan mai va d i u tU, p h i t trien cac dieh vu ho<br /> trpng nhat de nang cao kha nang canh trd phat trien thudng mai, nghidn cflu<br /> tranh cua hang xuat khau va cai thien cac dieu kien ve kha nang thiic hidn<br /> can can thUdng mai vdi Trung Qud'c. Hiep dinh thUdng mai tU do song phudng<br /> <br /> <br /> 58 NGHllN CliU TRUNG QUOC so 1(101) - 2010<br />  Phit triin quan he thifffng mai Viet Nam..<br /> <br /> <br /> vdi Trung Quo'c (FTA), xay diing chid'n xay dflng Hai hanh lang mdt vanh dai -<br /> lUdc ddi tac thUdng mai eua Viet Nam hat nhan- ndi the nghidm, thflc thi the<br /> vdi eae quo'c gia cd ndn kinh td' ldn va cac chd' hdp tac cua chid'n Ifldc "Mdt true hai<br /> nfldc trong khu vflc. canh"<br /> - C hidn Ifldc V inh B l e B 5 md rpng Phat tridn, md rdng hdp tac vdi cac<br /> dfldc kd't cau thanh hai mang ldn: a- Hdp qud'c gia va vung lanh thd, cung cd', nang<br /> tac Vinh Bic Bp md rdng (quan trpng cad nang liie eanh tranh d ca 3 pham vi:<br /> nha't) ; b- Tidu vung sdng Md kdng vdi qud'c gia - doanh nghidp - san phim,<br /> mdt true d gifla la hanh lang kinh td' thflc thi tfl do boa thfldng mai vdi nhflng<br /> Nam Ninh- Xinhgapo dfldc Trung Qud'c bfldc di va td'c dp phfl hdp vdi hoan canh<br /> gpi t i t la chid'n Ifldc Mdt true hai canh - cu thd eua minh... tang cfldng quan he<br /> theo md hinh chfl M - vidt theo tidng<br /> kinh td', thUdng mai Viet- Trung - mdt<br /> Anh ( dfldc hieu la td hdp hdp tac kinh te<br /> dinh hudng chid'n lUdc trong the ky XXI,<br /> tren bien, hdp tac kinh td' trdn dat lien<br /> cd thd ndi dd chfnh la "kim chi nam" dd<br /> va hdp t i e Tieu vung sdng Me-kdng)<br /> Viet Nam cd the rut ngan con dUdng<br /> dfldc xem la sfl phat trid'n Idgfc, sfl phat<br /> phat tridn cua minh ma lich sfl thd gidi<br /> trien md'rdng eua y tfldng Hai hanh lang<br /> mdt vanh dai do Viet Nam khdi xfldng. phai trai qua hang tram nam mdi cd.<br /> Trong thdi gian tdi, Viet Nam va Trung Day cung cd thd xem la "Id'i md " hdp quy<br /> Qud'c d n xuc tidn trien khai va day luat dd'i vdi Viet Nam trong bd'i d n h<br /> nhanh vide td chflc, thflc hidn nhidm vu hien nay.<br /> <br /> <br /> HINH 3: M O T SO RANG BUOC VA L U U Y TRONG QUAN H$ VI^T-TRUNG<br /> <br /> <br /> (J^O'N<br /> <br /> .•f^ ''4<br /> ^>>''