Thị trường Nhật Bản vẫn rất tiềm năng đối với nhiều hàng hóa xuất khẩu của Việt Nam

QDtfCTf<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TM iniiDii M\ ill III fi\ \ k iiii<br /> A'l I I A^ 7 III A<br /> <br /> <br /> CII<br /> • MAI THUt DUNG<br /> <br /> <br /> hat Bdn la mdt th}<br /> <br /> N tnfdng Idn vdi 128<br /> trifu ngydi, cd sdc<br /> mua cao. Nhdng nam gan day,<br /> kim ngach NK bang boa vao th}<br /> tnfdng Nhat Bdn rat cao, nam<br /> 2006 la 580 ty USD, nam 2008<br /> tang len 756 ty USD, nam 2009<br /> do dnh hydng cua khung hodng<br /> tdi chinh tidn tf the gidi, kim<br /> ngach NK vdn dat 570 t^ USD.<br /> Nhidu mat hang cd vfu the XK cua<br /> Vift Nam cung la nhdng mat<br /> hang ma Nhat Bdn dang NK Idn,<br /> dd la mdt Ipi the cbo cac DN XK Jhifc pham che bien-m$t hang CO kha nai^XK tdt }^Nh$t Ban<br /> cua Vift Nam. Trong nhiJng nam hifu ltfc td 1/10/2010. Theo cdc ty tue trong nydc, nhifng hang<br /> qua, Vift Nam van XK sang Nhat cam kdt cda VJEPA, Nhat Bdn nam th} trtfdng nay vdn NK kha<br /> Bdn chd yeu Id cdc nhdm hang thyc hifn gidm thud ddi vdi nhidu, nhat Id cdc loal rau qud c6<br /> thuy bdi sdn, df t may, do gd, thd khodng 84% trong tdng sd cdc mua vu khde nhau, ndn trien<br /> cdng my nghf, gidy dep, khoang mat hang ndng sdn cda Vift Nam vpng XK vdo th} trtfdng ndy khd<br /> sdn... Thdi gian tdi, th} tnfdng XK vao th} titfdng nay. Vdi vifc thuan Ipi. Bd Cdng Thtfdng dy<br /> Nhat Bdn rat trien vpng cho trien khai thyc hifn VJEPA, bao, trong thdi gian tdi, XK rau<br /> nhidu DN Vift Nam XK cdc mat trong sd 2.020 ddng thud ddi vdi qud cua Vift Nam sang Nhat Bdn<br /> bang nhy sdn pham cd khi vd bang ndng sdn, Nhat Bdn xoa bd tidp tuc tang khd, md nguydn<br /> due, rau qud, thyc pham che ngay 784 ddng thue, chiem 36% n h a n chinh Id sdn xudt ndng<br /> bien... Day la nhdng mat hdng tdng sd ddng thue vd chidm nghifp d ntfdc ndy cd xu htfdng<br /> Vift Nam cd khd nang XK tdt, 67,6% vd kim ngach XK hdng gidm ddn. Gdn ddy, NK cdc mdt<br /> neu ddp dng dypc cdc tidu chuan ndng sdn cda Vift Nam vdo Nhdt hang nhtf chudi, dtfa, du dd, xoal,<br /> chat Itfdng thi se la cd bdi Idn Bdn. Cdc mat hang rau qud chd bd... cua th} trtfdng Nhdt Bdn<br /> cbo cdc DN XK cua Vift Nam. bidn, ngd, s a n che bien, gia v} dang tang n h a n h do nhdn thdc<br /> Ndng sdn Id mat hdng XK cdc loal, nydc sdt... Id nhiing mat cua ngtfdi tidu dung vd Ipl ich cda<br /> truyen thdng vd cd thd manh cda hang cac DN Viet Nam dtfpc cdc sdn pham nay ddi vdi sdc<br /> Vift Nam, day cung la mat bdng htfdng Ipi nhieu nhdt kbl XK vdo khod. Nhtfng DN can ddc bift<br /> dtfdc htfdng Ipi nhidu nhat ve Nhdt Bdn. quan tdm den chdt Ixitjng sdn<br /> thud sudt theo qui dlnh cua Hlfp Theo Thtfdng vu Vift Nam t^i phdm XK, bdi Nhdt Bdn Id mdt<br /> dlnh ddi tac kinh td Vift Nam Nhdt Bdn, ddi vdi cdc loal rau trong nhiing qudc gia dang dp<br /> Nhdt Bdn (VJEPA), bdt ddu cd qud ttfdi, mac du cd truyen thdng dyng hf thdng tidu c h u i n chdt<br /> 261 niniGiiti Stf 20/2011<br />  QUtfCTf VIR<br /> Itfpng va vd sinh an todn thtfc eda Viet Nam dang phai ch}u thtfc hifn da dang hod vd nang<br /> pham vdi yeu cdu rat khdt khe thud sudt 8,8%. Stf chdnb Ifch ve cao chat Itfdng bang XK. An<br /> nhdm bdo vf stfc khod ngtfdi tidu thue suat khidn sdn pham XK ttfpng cda ngtfdi tidu dung Nhat<br /> dung. Cdc tidu chuan eda Nhat cda Vift Nam khd canh tranh Bdn ddi vdi hang thu cdng my<br /> Bdn nhin chung ttfdng dtfdng, dtfpc vdi sdn pham cung loal cda nghf cda Vift Nam la sd Itfdng<br /> thdm chi cdn cao hdn cd tidu cdc ntfdc khde trdn th} trtfdng. hang boa nhidu, gia re, khdng cd<br /> chuan qudc te (ridng ddi vdi cdc Nguydn nhan la do cac ntfdc nhtf ^ ddc dao, ndn khdng hap ddn<br /> mat hdng ndng sdn ttfdi sdng, DN Thai Lan, Malabda, Inddndxla... ngtfdi tidu dung, nhat la tang ldp<br /> XK ntfdc ngoal phdi bdo ddm sdn da ky hlfp d}nh song phtfdng vdi ngtfdi giau cd. Vdi san pham gia<br /> xudt theo tidu chuan GAP trong Nhat Bdn trtfdc Vift Nam, ndn rd thi di kem dd la chat Itfpng<br /> ndng nghifp). theo Id trinh thi bp dtfpc giam thap, trong khi ngtfdi tieu dung<br /> thud nhidu hdn. Bd Cdng Thtfdng lal quan tam den chat Itfdng cao<br /> Nhat Bdn Id ntfdc tidu thu<br /> khuyen cdo cac DN, kbl XK thdy va tinh ddc dao cda sdn pham.<br /> thuy hdi sdn hang ddu the gldl,<br /> sdn vdo Nhat Ban, can tim cbo Lau nay, cac DN Vift Neim<br /> trung binh mdi ngtfdi dan tieu thu<br /> minh mdt phtfdng thdc thanh thtfdng d the b} ddng, tdc la chi<br /> khodng 70,6 k g / n a m (trong kbl<br /> toan phu hpp, dl ddi vdi van dd n h a n ddn hang va sdn pham<br /> mdc tidu thu trung binh cua the<br /> chat Itfdng sdn pham, col trpng theo ydu cau cua phia khach<br /> gidi la gdn 16 kg/nam). Theo<br /> qui trinh che bidn, cac loal hod hang ntfdc ngoai. Trong kbl dd,<br /> VASEP, hifn nay Vift Nam dvfng<br /> chat sd dung trong nudi trdng va cac ntfdc khac nhtf An Dp, Trung<br /> thd 8 thd gidi vd XK thuy, hdi sdn<br /> bdo qudn sdn pham. Qui trinh Qudc, Malalxla... hp rat quan tam<br /> sang Nhat Bdn, trong dd mat<br /> kiem tra ddi vdi sdn pham phdi nghien cdu thi trtfdng, tim bleu<br /> hang chd ltfc la tdm ddng lanh<br /> dtfpc thyc bifn bdi DN XK, nhvfng thi hieu ngtfdi tieu dung, ddng<br /> dat kim ngach 500 trieu USD<br /> thdi nghien cifu xem cac ddi thu<br /> trong tdng kim ng^ch XK thu^ theo nhtfng qui d}nh cda cd quan<br /> canh tranh dang sdn xuat nhdng<br /> hdl sdn ndi chung cua Vift Nam chdc nang phia Nhat Bdn. Phat<br /> chung loal bang boa ^ , td dd cd<br /> vdo Nhat Bdn nam 2009. Cac trien cdc sdn pham mdi cung Id<br /> didu chinh sdn xuat cho phu hpp<br /> sdn pham khac dang XK vdo mdt ydu td quan trpng. Cac DN<br /> vdi nhu cdu thl tnfdng.<br /> Nhat Bdn la cd tra, cd basa, cd Nhat Bdn deing chuyen hydng<br /> bd, cd dudi, ed ngd hun khdi, ddu ty va chuyen giao cdng nghf Theo danh gid cda ngtfdi tidu<br /> myc, ghp, bach tudc... Sdn pham de sdn xudt d cdc nydc trong khu dung Nhat Bdn, sdn pham thu<br /> cda Vift Nam nhin chung dypc vtfc, rdi XK sdn phdm trd lal th} cdng my nghf cua Vift Nam ed<br /> ddnh gid cao va cd sdc canh trtfdng Nhat Bdn. gid b a n thap, chat Itfpng kha,<br /> tranh trdn th} tnfdng Nhat Bdn. nhat la cac sdn pham thdu tay.<br /> Sudt 1 thap ky qua, th} trtfdng<br /> Nhvfng de thanh cdng trong XK, Nhtfng dieu quan trpng Id cac DN<br /> Nhat Bdn thtfdng xuyen tidu thu<br /> cdc DN cdn quan tam ddu ty ddi can phdi tao ra nhdng sdn pham<br /> tdl 10 30% trong tdng kim<br /> mdi cdng nghf che bidn, da dang cd bdn sdc rieng, bdi lau nay<br /> ngach XK bdng thd cdng my<br /> hod mat hang XK, nhdt Id day nhidu sdn pham eua Viet Nam<br /> nghd ndi chung cda Vift Nam.<br /> manh XK nhdng mat bang che van bi khdch hang nham lan vdi<br /> Day la mdt th} tnfdng cd tiem<br /> bidn cd gia tri gia tang cao. Tuy sdn pham cda cac ntfdc khac khi<br /> nang rat Idn bdi nhu cdu tieu thu<br /> nhidn, th} tnfdng nay ngay cang bdn tren tb} trtfdng. Cac DN Vift<br /> cao cda ngtfdi dan. Nam 2010,<br /> cd nhieu rdo cdn ky thuat khdt Nam ciing cd the tim ra nhtfng<br /> XK hang thd cdng my nghf cua<br /> khe md cdc DN phdi ndm bdt. chung loal sdn pham de sdn<br /> Vift Nam vao th} trtfdng Nhat<br /> Tnfdc bdt, thdy sdn Vift Nam Bdn chi chiem 4% tdng kim xuat vdi sd Itfdng it, nhifng cd<br /> XK vdo Nhdt Bdn dang b} thud ngach. Theo phia Nhat Bdn, diem chat Itfdng hdn b i n , dd cung Id<br /> sudt cao hdn so vdi nhieu nydc d ydu cda DN thu cdng my nghf mdt htfdng di mdi. Nhin chung,<br /> khu vtfc. Vi dy, cd ngd Thdi Lan Vift Nam la ehi quan tam sdn ngtfdi tidu dung Nhat Bdn tfa<br /> XK vdo Nh^t Bdn hifn cd thud xudt sdn pham gid rd, vdi sd thich nhdng sdn pham ed chat<br /> sudt 0% (ttf nam 2010) vd cda Idpng nhieu, theo mdu md truydn Itfpng cao, dd Id nhdng sdn<br /> Phlllppln xudng cdn 0% (td nam thdng, trong khi lal bd qua khau phdm ma ngtfdi thp thu<br /> 2013), nhdng sdn phim cung l o ^ nghidn cdu thidt kd sdn phdm. cdng ddnh nhieu thdi gian ^ "<br /> <br /> TUmCHIlStf 20/2011 127<br /> HHj^n IIUUu Tc<br /> <br /> vd t a m huyft de lam ra,<br /> nhdng sdn pham nhtf vdy cd "sdc<br /> sdng" lau trdn th} trtfdng.<br /> Trong sd cac qudc gia ma<br /> Nhat Bdn cd quan hf thtfdng mai,<br /> chi cd it qudc gia ma Jetro dat 2<br /> van phdng dai didn, dd la My,<br /> Trung Qudc, Ddc va Vift Nam.<br /> Dieu nay chdng td gidi kinh<br /> doanh Nhat Bdn rat quan tam tdl<br /> th} trtfdng Vift Nam. Cbo tdl nay,<br /> sd hdl vien cda Jetro tai Vift<br /> Nam da Idn tdi 900, d phia Bdc<br /> phan Idn la cac Cty cd qui md Idn<br /> chd yeu la ldp rdp d td, d phia rCAf/V la nhom hang tUi dddc XK vao Nh$t Ban<br /> Nam phan Idn Id cdc Cty nhd vd phu trp, nham ndng cao t^ If ndi quan (TRQ) ddi vdi mdt sd loai<br /> vtfa chd ydu Id sdn xuat linh kifn d}a hod trong cdc DN Nhat Bdn ndng sdn, dp dyng che dp cap<br /> va phu tung. c a c DN Nhat Bdn dang boat ddng tai Vift Nam trdn phep NK ddi vdi mdt sd mat hang<br /> dang rat coi trpng vifc phdt tridn nhiing linh vtfc nhtf cdng nghiep thupc difn b a n che NK.<br /> cac cty "vf tinh" theo kieu nay. d td, difn td, dien lanh... Cdc chuydn gia cho rdng, de<br /> Cac DN Nhat Bdn boat ddng Chinh phd Nhdt Bdn dang ed kinh doanh t h d n h cdng t^l th}<br /> tai th} trtfdng Viet Nam lau nay chd trtfdng day m a n h Udn kdt trtfdng Nhdt Bdn, DN cdn ndm<br /> nhin chung khd bifu qud, rat it kinh te vdi cdc ntfdc theo cdc rd nhdng qui d}nh cua th}<br /> cdc DN FDI cda Nhat Bdn tai Vift hlfp d}nh song phtfdng, da trtfdng. Ngtfdi tidu dung Nhat<br /> Nam phdi tuydn bd "rut lui" khdi phtfdng vd khu wlc. Chi trong 2 Bdn yeu cdu rat khdt khe ddi vdi<br /> th} trtfdng. Tuy nhidn, dang cd stf ndm (td thdng 6/2008 - 6/2010), bdng hod NK, n h a t la vd chat<br /> d}ch chuyen trong cdc linh wlc vd Nhat Bdn da ky FTA vdi 7 ntfdc Itfdng, VSATTP, dd tin cdy, stf<br /> ngdnh nghd dau ttf. Titfdc day, ASEAN, da 1^ hlfp dinh EPA vdi tien dung cda sdn pham..., hp<br /> phan Idn cac DN Nhat Bdn quan Chi Id va dang dam phdn de ky s a n sang trd gid cao hdn cho<br /> tam ddu ttf vao cdc ngdnh sdn cdc EPA ttfdng ttf vdi An Dp vd nhdng sdn pham cd chat ldpng<br /> xudt trtfc tiep thdng qua vifc xay cdc ntfdc vung V}nh (GCC). Ve tdt. Ve tb} hieu cua ngtfdi tidu<br /> dtfng nha may sdn xudt tai Vift chinh sdch thud quan, Nhdt Bdn dung cung dang thay ddi nheinh<br /> Nam, nhvfng nay hp quan tdm thyc hifn bdo hd may mac ddi vdi chdng, theo htfdng thich nhiing<br /> nhidu hdn ddn boat ddng thypng cac mat hang ndng sdn thdng sdn p h a m mdi ve mau ma va<br /> mai, d}ch vu, chu yeu Id khau qua cdc loal thud nhtf thud tuyet ddc ddo vd kieu ddng. Cdc DN<br /> p h a n phdi sdn pham. Noi bat ddi, thud hdn hpp, thud theo gid cda Viet Nam ndu thdm nhdp th}<br /> trong cac boat ddng nay la Sony tri vd cdc bang rao phi thue. Thtfc trtfdng Nhdt Bdn bdng thtfdng<br /> vd Sharp, hp khdng cd nha mdy hidn chinh sdch ttf do hod may hifu ridng cda minh thi se kho<br /> sdn xuat tai Vift Nam, nhifng sdn mac bdn so vdi qui chd MFN, k h d n vd chl phi vd tiep th},<br /> pham cda hp dang chldm linh th} dang ap dung qui che GSP ddi vdi nhtfng ndu thdng qua cdc thtfdng<br /> phdn khd tai Vift Nam. Trong 141 ntfdc va vdng lanh thd (cd hifu sdn cd cua cdc nhd phdn<br /> thdi gian tdi, kbl ngdnh cdng mtfc thud suat = 0% bode bdng phdi truyen thdng sd tai thi se<br /> nghifp phu trp d Vift Nam phdt 50% cua MFN), dp dung thud tfu n h a n h chdng hdn vd dd chl phi<br /> trien manh hdn, se cd nhieu DN ddi rdng rai, theo cd thod thudn hdn, bdi w cd mdt ydu td rd net<br /> Nhdt Bdn di ddi cd sd san xuat FTA va EPA vdi nhidu ntfdc (trong Id thl trtfdng Nhdt Bdn cd stf<br /> cua hp td cdc nydc khde tdl thi dd cd Vift Nam). Chinh sdch phi p h a n bift ddi xd ddi vdi cdc nha<br /> tnfdng Vift Nam. Gan day, Jetro thud quan dtfpc thtfc hien thdng cung cdp mdi thdm nhdp th}<br /> dang trien khai cdc dy dn hd trp qua cdc bifn phdp quota ddi vdi trtfdng vi hp chtfa tao dUtfc Idng<br /> Vift Nam phat trien cdng nghifp thdy sdn, dp dung quota thud tin ddi vdi ngtfdi tidu dung •<br /> <br /> 2 8 1 niGNG 11(1 Stf 20/2011<br />