Thử tìm hiểu logic trong một số truyện cười dân gian Việt Nam

S i 11 (241)-201S<br /> <br /> NG6NNGC&B5IS6NG<br /> <br /> 97<br /> <br /> |NG6N NGIT HOC-vlTNGff HOC-NGOAI NGd<br /> <br /> TH^TIM HIEU LOGIC TRONG MQT S6<br /> TRUYEN ClTCM DAN GIAN VlfT NAM<br /> TRY TO UNDERSTAND THE LOGIC OF VIETNAM'S FUNNY FOLK STORIES<br /> NGUYfiN H O A N G YfiN<br /> (TS; Dfi hgc TSy Bic)<br /> Abstract: Vietnam's finmy folk stories have the mechanism causing lim from creating<br /> implicit meanings basuig on breaking the common pragmatic rules. In some of fliem, die<br /> violation consists of logical elements. The three fiiimy stories are analyzed to determine and<br /> temporarily name one type of logic in Vietnam's fiinny folk stories.<br /> Key words: Vietnam's fiinnyfolkstories; logic; mechanism causing liin.<br /> hi$n rd' [3]. Do dd, chfic chto ton tfi nhftng<br /> LMddiu<br /> 1.1. Logic hgc li khoa hgc nghito dm lofi logic khie nhau trong mgi tinh huing,<br /> nhftng quy luft vi btoh thic suy lufti cia tu hoin cinh, ngay ci nhfing hito htpng vin bj<br /> duy nhfim di tdi nhto Aide ding dfin hidn flivic coi li "phi logic" nhit djnh cflng cd logic<br /> khfich quan. Logic hgc phit triin ttt rit sdm vfi ritog<br /> dft dugc tit nhiiu thinh tvni, diu tidn v4 cbi<br /> 1.1 Ti nhflng ggi ^ cia tfie gii Hoing Phd<br /> yiu d lihh vye toto hgc. Cuii tiii ki XX, vfi Hi Ld, ching tdi tin rfing nhttng hito tugng<br /> nhftng phuong phip Uifin hgc dugc vfti dyng phi logic do vi phfm cie quy tfie ngft dyng<br /> vfio nghito ciu cfic ngfinh khoa hgc xS hdi, vfi nhfim myc dich gfiy eudi trong truyto"udi dto<br /> diu tito Ifi ngdn ngft hgc. Cfic phuong phip vfi gian Vift Nam chfic chfin cung cd nhttng logic<br /> cfic lofi logic khfic nhau duge vfti dyng nhiiu ridng eia nd. Vdi suy nghl dd, ehing tdi thtt<br /> tiong nhftng khfio ettu ngdn ngfi. Logic tid tim hiiu Logic trong m$l si tniy(n cudi ddn<br /> tiifinh mdt diim tvra trong vide nghidn ciu gian Vi^lNam.<br /> ngdn ngft ty nhida Mil quan hd giiia logic<br /> Co chi gSy cudi trong tiuyto eudi dto gian<br /> hgc vfi ngdn ngtt hgc trd ndn gin bd, hip dan Vi^t Nam thvrc ra li co chi tfo ra cfic nghia<br /> cic nh4 nghito ettu.<br /> hfim an tito CO sd vi phfm cie nguytotfie ngtt<br /> Trayto cudi dto gian Vidt Nam Ifi mOt dyngflidngfliudng.Vdi quan niim nhttng vi<br /> phin ehuong trinh vfin hgc dSn gian dugc dua phfm dd li sai - phi logic ching tdi dfi tiin<br /> vio gitog dfy trong nhfi tiudng. Viie tim hiiu binhtimhiiu logic tiuyto cudi Vidt Nam tito<br /> tiuyto cudi dto gian Viit Nam 14 mdt vide CO sd tim ra sy cd li tiong chinh nhftng hito<br /> Ifim hip din song vd eiing khd khfin. Tfie gifi tirgng pbi logic iy.<br /> Hotog Phd trong bii "Logic ngdn ngff h(K^' Thdng thudng ndi theo loi hto in sd gittp<br /> (fi di eft) din nhfing hito tugng dugc coi 14 ngudi ndi khdng can tivc tiip tiii hito myc<br /> mo hi khd hiiu song vin cd logic. Logic cia dfeh, dyng y (phd phfin, dfi kfeh, ti cfio) cia<br /> svi kidn, tinh huing dd dugc d$t trong nhiing minh qua cfiu chft. Ngudi ndi sd trinh dugc sy<br /> inii quan hd vdi nhfing tri thic phi thdng cia phto ing, bfit bd cia dii tugng bj phd fdiin, di<br /> ngudi dgc, gfin vditinhhuing, vfin cinh ritog kich. D$c bidt, hidu qufi cia iii ndi niy cao<br /> cia vfin bin. "Ldm khi cdi goi Id "phi logic" hon loi ndi phd phto dfi kich trvrc tiip bdi nd<br /> thdt ra Id cdt logic md chimg ta chua phdt thi hidn duge sy thdng minh, tfii tii, sy df ddm<br /> <br /> 98<br /> <br /> N G 6 N N G C & D6I S6NG<br /> <br /> hay thto thiy eia ngudi phd phto. Nd khiin<br /> eho doi tugng bj dfi kidi, chi giiu phii im ttc,<br /> bvrc tic, )ciu hi, ngugng,.. .mi d4nh bim byng<br /> khdng ndi dugc cto gi bdi ngudi ndi "vd can".<br /> Cae tfie gifi dto gian stt dyng m$t trong cfic<br /> cfich tfO nghia h t o an hidu qufi li ehi dgng<br /> xiy dvmg nhfing hoin cinh cd li di cho nhto<br /> v^t vi phfm cfic nguyto tfie ngft dyng:<br /> nguydn tfie ehiiu vft ehi xuit, nguydn tfie l$p<br /> lufti, nguyen tfie hdi thofi, s i dyng cfic hinh<br /> vi ngdn ngtt gito tiip, ttt dd tfo ra tiing cudi<br /> vdi nhfing y nghTa khfic nhau.<br /> Do dd, CO sd de nhto ra nhftng vi phfm<br /> nfiy 14 nhftng li thuyit vi cic nguydn tfie ngft<br /> dyng. Qua vige nhto dito nhttng vi phfm<br /> cfic nguydn tfie ngtt dyng, ching tdi nhto<br /> thiy bto thto nhttng vi phfm niy cung cd if,<br /> cd logic ridng. Nhto fliic dugc nhttng vi<br /> phfm Ito ngudi dgc bft cudi, song di hiiu<br /> dugc tinh cd If, ed logic cia nhfhig sai phfm<br /> thi khdng phfii ai cung nlito ra dugc. Tiong<br /> bii viit niy, ehing tdi tiin hinh thi li giii<br /> logic cua nhttng hidn tugng sai phfm iy<br /> tiong mdt si truygn cudi.<br /> 2. Khfio sit at thi<br /> 2.L Cd m$t vin di djt ra Ifi, nhftng li<br /> thuyit lidn quan trvrc tiip din n$i dimg khto<br /> sfit cia chtog tdi mdi ehu yiu dttng Ifi d<br /> nhiing ggi md rat ehimg ehung vi svr tin tfi<br /> ciia cfic lofi logic khic nhau trong ngdn ngft.<br /> Bdi flii, chtog tdi mfnh dfn di xuit, ty xSy<br /> dyng m0t co sd If tiiuyit ttt trenflivrctd<br /> khio sfit, phto tfch mgt sitiruy$neudi dto<br /> gian Vidt Nam. Theo dd, ching tdi sd di theo<br /> phuong phip quy nfp: di ttt phto tfch vf dy,<br /> rut ra nhto xdt, ndu If do d^t tdn lofi logic<br /> bfing md hlnh. Cy thi qua cie budc sau:<br /> 1/Phto tich mgt si vto bto cy tiii; 2/Nhto<br /> xdt: v i CO chi gSy eudi do vi phfm cfic<br /> nguyto tfie ngft dyng vi Xic djnh cie lofi<br /> logic cia tiuydn cudi (tito co sd nhfing vi<br /> phfm cie nguyen tfie ngft dyng).<br /> 11 Phdntichvldtf<br /> VI dfi 1. Quan sip Oinh bi<br /> <br /> s i l l (241)j01L.<br /> <br /> .. Via bto: Mqt anh Unh H «"* "^^<br /> trifc, thay quan huyin ldm nhiiu dilu trdi md<br /> thudng hay chi nhgo. Quan vdn dinh bifngtr<br /> MQlhonucdngudidinvuchoanhtadntiSna<br /> n^i chv, quan mung thdm cd dip bdo thu,<br /> liin cho di bdt vi.<br /> Anh llnh l^ vi, ddt cd thdng con di theo.<br /> Quan v&a trdng thiy, ddp bdn thit: - Bdnhl<br /> Ddnh cho nd chiia cdi tdt dn hii Id *•'<br /> Anh llnh li ngodnh Up thing Ihtnh bdo con<br /> - Con lui ra Quan sdp ddnh bi diyl<br /> b. Co chd gfiy cudi: Cfiu chuvto g4y cudi<br /> do sy vi phfm nguydn tic vi chidu v|L Ngudi<br /> dto thich ngfo mfn vdi quan trto iy<br /> b. Co ( ^ gay eudi:<br /> Tnwto gay eudi d phit ngdn cuoi cing, bong nhflng tiuyto giy cudi do vi phfm quy<br /> fliiy do dfi eo tinh vi phfm quy tfie hgi thofi tfie cUiu v«t Odi dyng tinh da diiiu v|t) hay<br /> khi ei tinh lin>e bd ttt "thif trong ti hgp ttt quy tie hgi fliofi (dyatitosy mo hd vd ngUa<br /> "thit chff" de tfo nto hiiu lam v i eUiu vft. cia phfit ngdn) fliudng tin tfi logic l$p Id.<br /> Dfing Id nhfi nho phfii Hi ldi day di: - fWy td Nhftng vi phfm iy kU so sfinh vdi logic khfich<br /> fthlt) chd, kia cdng Id nhit) chd, bdm loan Id<br /> quan sd bj coi 14 pU logic, song dSt trong ngtt<br /> Ithll) chd cd<br /> cfinh ritog cia truydn chtog Ifi cd ^ ngUa, ed<br /> li bdi h t o y mfi ngirdi phfit ngdn (tfie gifi) gii<br /> c Logic ciia sy vi phfm:<br /> Ldi ndi eia fliiy do ifi khdng btoh thirdng gfim. Nhftiig ldi ndi da nghia, nhttng ciu ndi<br /> khi so sfinh vdi cie quy tie hdi thofi song gfin mo ho v4 cfitinhda cUiu vft kU du(^ tie gifi<br /> vdi ngtt cfinh cd van cd logic ritog. Thay do stt dyng eho nhto vft phfit ngdn bao gid ctog<br /> da CO tinh luge bd ttt "thjt" tfo ntotinh"1ft) flii Udn myc dfeh nfio dd. Di sft dyng dugc<br /> id" trong ldi ndi. Ldi ndi niy via cd thi Uiu cto ndi Ift) id chfic chfin ngudi ndi phfii cd tir<br /> theo nghia thyc: cfic mdn to diu Ito ttt thjt duy vi nhttng ldi ndi Ift) Id, nhto tbic tnrdc<br /> chd, Ifi via cd tlii Uiu theo sy quy cUiu; cic dugc Uto qui tforah t o -j eia Idi ndi iy. Ndi<br /> quan Ifi mgt lu chd - mgt lu chuyto to ban ci. cfich khfic chfic chfin tin tfi logic 1ft) Id Irong<br /> Cie quan di rit cay ci song khdng thi tiidi gi tiuyto cudi Vi$t Nam. NhOng ciu chuyto vi<br /> thiy di ci. Hito qui mia mai chto hiim 14 do logic Ift) id d phin phto tich di cho ehing ta<br /> ngudi nghe ty suyracdn bto flito eto ndi dfi flily didu dd. Viie nhto d i ^ logic Ift) Id trong<br /> dugc ngyy trang bfing mdt y ngUa khic - mOt tiuyto cudi Viit Nam cd vai trd quan tigng<br /> (fiiu btoh thudng. Thiy do da vto dvng tiifli cia ngft cfinh. S(i (fiing - sai cia ldi ndi l|p Id,<br /> 1ft) Id cia eto ndi m$t cfich xuat sfie, tfo nto vito nto uiu theo nghIa nio 14 ding din vdi<br /> "tfnh anh toto" cho ldi ndi cia minh, ding hoto cinh cy tiii cia liuyto.<br /> thdi flii Uto thfii dg phd phto dfi kich bgn<br /> V4y logic 1ft) Id dugc xiy dvmg dvra tito<br /> tham quaiL Nhu vfy, id iing tin tfi logic ift)<br /> nhfing CO sd nfio?<br /> Id trong cto tiuyto niy. Ctog nhu nhttng cfiu<br /> Qua phto tich mdt si tniyto cudi trong<br /> chuyto khfic stt dyng tinh da nghia cia Idi ndi<br /> trong cto chuyto nfiy ed vaitidtfo Uto qui liuyto cudi dto gian Viit Nam, chtog tdi<br /> giy cudi v4 myc dich phd phto logic Ifti Id thi nhto thiy ed flii khfii quit quy titoh Unh<br /> Uto sy phong phi, (fi dfng, hip din, flii vj thinh logic lft> Id nhu sau:<br /> A (ngudi ndi) tforaphit ngdn X trong tinh<br /> eia ngdn ngft tilng Vigt<br /> huing Z<br /> 13. CasdUnh thinh logic % Id<br /> X cd nUiu cieh Uiu khie nhau (XI, X2,<br /> Theo Ttt diin Tiing Vidt "Lfti Id: Cd tinh X3...)<br /> chit hai m^ khdng rd ring, dttt kfafit, nhfim lin<br /> A muin hudngfaMcich Uiu XI<br /> tiinh hoft: ehe gilu (fiiu ^": An ndi ldp Id.<br /> XI Ito in, chto biini,dikich... B (ngudi<br /> Ihdi dd lip Id khd Miu Trongfliycti, ed lit nghe)<br /> nUiu nhfhig ldi ndi, vigc i t o bay hfinh dgng,<br /> B khdng tiii tiich phft A vi tinh da nghia<br /> tilii dd Ift) Id khd ]a^ Co sd cia nhftng sy eiaXtrongZ.<br /> 1ft) Id nfiy li dvra trto tinh hai m|t, khdng rd<br /> Nhd tinh da nghia cia X nto dyng ^ cia A<br /> ring cia ^ ngUa ldi ndi, hinh dOng,..Alvic vto dugc uiu mdt cieh di dfing. HontiiinOa,<br /> dfeh ciia ngudi si dyng Idi ndi hinh ddng "l^ A ed flii vto vto cfic etoh Uiu 4y di dii din<br /> IcT Ifi nhto lin trinh ho$e che giiu dieu gl. Ifi sy ttidi phft, bude tgi eia B. Thudng flilB<br /> <br /> Si 11 (241)-2015<br /> <br /> NG6NNGC&D6fIS6NG<br /> <br /> 101<br /> <br /> 3.1 Ci nhftng Uto tugng logic vfi pU<br /> sd khdng flii tiich gito A vi nghia cto chtt<br /> khdng trye tiip Ito to B. B ty nhto ra h t o :^ logic tiong tiuyto cudi dto gian Viit Nam<br /> diu hudng tdi mOt myc dich chung 14 tfo ra<br /> chtt khdng phii do A trvrctiipndi ra.<br /> CUnh bdi djic tiung tito mfi logic 1ft) Id tiing cudi. PU logic tfo nto dft; trung<br /> dfi dugc vto dyng rgng rii vto trong vige thi "truyin bia d(it" cdn logic Ifi tfo nto tinh "c6<br /> hito cie him ^ ( ^ ngirdi ndi. Stt dyng logic If, gfin bd, lito kit cto Uto tugng, sy kito<br /> Ift) Id (nhit li bongflidiphong kiin), ngudi cia tiuyto cudi. Tuy nUdn, tto dyng giy<br /> ndi cd thi dto bto an toto tinh mfng kU cudi cia nbibig Uto tugng phi logic li\re t i ^<br /> gitotiipIdn to dfi kich m$t dii tinimg nio dd. v4 mfnh mS hon 14 logic nii tfi gfin vdi ngtt<br /> Do dd, ngudi vfti dyng logic 1ft) id thinh cfinh, tinh huing tniyto- Logic cia nhihig<br /> cdng li ngudi khdng cU diing c t o mi cdn tit Uto tugng pU logic thudng hudng tdi viic<br /> thdng minh, tii gidi. Hon the, vto dyng logic tfo ra cUeu siu eia tiing cudi trong dyng ^<br /> 1ft) Id vto cic tic phim vto hgc sd tfo ra phd phin, di kich xa hii, hay mia mai tfnh<br /> dugc nhttng diiu thi vj, hip din, ldi cuin etoh. Sau nhfhig tiing cudi gidn gia tfo ndn<br /> bdi nhfing Uto tugng pM logic li nhttng<br /> ngudi dgc, bit hg phii tu duy.<br /> khto phi vi y flittc xi hdi siu sfic d tttng<br /> 3.KitIu$nbandiu<br /> 3.1. Ranh gidi gifta logic vi pU logic vin tmydn.<br /> rat mong manh, trong sy doi sinh v(Ji hoto<br /> 3.3. Mgi svr vjt, Uto tugng tin tfi, xiy ra<br /> cinh niy mit Uto tm^mg cd thi Ifi pU logic trong thi gidi khto quan xung quanh ta bao<br /> song dft trong hoto cinh khto cflng chinh gid cflng cd quy lii$t ridng cia nd. Di vto<br /> hitotirgngiy Ifi cd logic, ed li ridng eia nd. ngdn ngtt vto chuong nhiing quy lu$t khtoh<br /> Ldi ndi mo hi cia nhi nho tiong "Birn chd quan niy dugc phii hgp vin logie nhto thic<br /> C(f' [8, i 84] 14 pU logic so vdi nguydn tfie hdi cia ngudi stog tic ndn tvrflitonhttng svr vft,<br /> fliofi bdi sy mo hi vfi khdng diy d i lugng tin Udn tugng dugc phto inh trong vto chuong<br /> tiong ldi ndi. Song cflng ehinh ldi ndi iy kU cflng cd logic ritog di tin tfi. Vide tim Uiu<br /> dft vto trong hoin cinh ridng cia tiuydn Ifi logic cia nhfing Uto tugng pU logic cUnh<br /> cd logic eia tfnh lip Ittng (choi chft), logic li tim u i u y dd eia ngudi stog tto kU xiy<br /> cua to muu. Khdng phfii nglu nUdn nhi nho dvmg ldn nhftng Uto tugng cd vin di logic.<br /> vi phfm phuong chto vi lugng, dng dfi ci Do dd mi vide phin tich, c t o nhto tiuyto<br /> tinh ndi flitta dd dft mye dich khoe khoang cudi ctog dugc siu sfic vi toto (fito hon.<br /> cia minh. Diiu dd cho thiy svr cin tUit phii<br /> T A I LIpU THAM K H A O<br /> xfic djnh mit co sd logic chuin mvrc kU dfinh<br /> 1. Didp Quang Ban (2009), Giao tiip,<br /> gii mdt Uto tugng 14 lo^e hay pU logic. Mii diin ngdn vd cdu tgo cua vdn bdn, Nxb Gito<br /> quan hd gitta logic v4 pU logic 14 mii quan dye.<br /> h? gfin bd m$t tiiiit tiong ctog mdt Uto<br /> 2. Truong Chinh-Phong Chiu (2004),<br /> tirgng. Cto ctt di xie djnh mdt Udn tirgng Tiing cudi ddn gian Viit Nam, Nxb Khoa<br /> pho logic 14 nhfing "Irl thic phi Ihon^' hay hgcXah$i,HiNdi.<br /> "togic IMch quan". Trong ndi tfi nhftng Uto<br /> 3. Hotog Phd (ehi bito) (1994), Ti diin<br /> tiigng bj xem 14 pU logic ludn cd nhftng hd tiing Viit, Nxb khoa hgc Xa h^i. Hi Ndi.<br /> tiling logic ritog gfin vdi ngft cinh, tinh<br /> 4. Nguyin Hotog Yin (2011), Hdm i h^l<br /> huing mi Uto tugng xiy ra. V4 nhu viy, thogi trong truyin cudi ddn gian Viit Nam,<br /> phfii chtog cd mdt kidii logic lip Id vfi nhftng Nxb Tft diln Btoh khoa, H4 Nil.<br /> kiiu logic khfic nfta xuit Uto tiong cto<br /> 5. Yuie.G (1997, bto djch tiing Viit<br /> tiuydn eudi dto gian Viit Nam dft tiong ngft 2003), Dvng hgc, Nxb Dfi hgc CMc gia H4<br /> cfinh ritog eiatiingtiuydn.<br /> Nii.<br /> <br />