Về người kể chuyện trong truyện kể Nguyễn Huy Thiệp

s l 5 (247)-2016<br /> <br /> NG6N NGtr & D6I S6NG<br /> <br /> 101<br /> <br /> iNGQN NGtr VQl VAN CHU0NG|<br /> <br /> VE NGirCfl KE CHUYEN<br /> TRONG TRUYEN KE NGUYEN HUY THIEP<br /> THE NARRATOR IN NGUYEN HUY THI$P'S<br /> <br /> N G U Y £ N T H | THU THUY<br /> (TS; D^i hgc Su ph^m Ha Nfi)<br /> Abstract: This article discusses the narrator in Nguyin Huy Thifp's narrative. It describes<br /> the features, classification, actions, points of view, voice,...etc. of the narrator in Nguyin<br /> Huy Tlufp s narrative in order to find out possible narrator's stylefix)mhis narrative. Also,<br /> iw try to define the narrator in rdcit, helps the reader to understand the writer's intention<br /> expressed in the text easily, correctiy.<br /> Key words: narrator; point of view; voice; narrative.<br /> 1. Din nhdp<br /> Ldm mdi dugc nda ndm. Ldm ed hai dua em:<br /> Vdo nhftng nfim cuoi ciia thgp ki 80 eiia thi cdi Khanh mudi ba tudi, cdn thdng Tiin bdn<br /> ki XX, khi md cdc truyfn kl van thudng sft tudi [Nhihig bdi hge ndng tfidn, tr. 291].<br /> dung lli kl truyln thing vdi ngudi kl chuyfn<br /> Trong , ngudi tidu dilm hda Id "tdi",<br /> "thdy hit, bilt tuit" ttam dim mdu sac chft quan sdt gia dinh "nhd Ldm" vd kl vl cdc quan, uyen bac... till lli kl chuyfn khdch quan tiidnh vidn efta gia en phd dgo ndy nhiiu ngudi nudi chim hga<br /> mi, chim v?t. Cha tdi bdo: "Bixem da!".<br /> Cha toi eho mdi ngudi trong nhd bdn mit<br /> vdi linh. Ong Co vd cd cd Ldi cung thi. Tdi<br /> cudi: "Cha binh qudn!" Cha tdi bdo: "Ddy Id<br /> le song". Vg tdi bdo: "Cd nhd ddng phttc thi<br /> thdnh doanh trgi". Mgi nguoi cudi d. [Tudng<br /> vehuu,tr.33].<br /> Trong vi dy, chft yiu chi bao gom cdc<br /> sy kifn hdnh dfng: hdnh ddng vat If: cudi,<br /> cho... va cdc hdnh dfng ndi nang: hdi, ndi,<br /> trdeh... ciing ede ldi thoai cua cdc nhdn vgt.<br /> Nhftng dogn kl nhu thi ndy trong truyfn<br /> Nguyen Huy Thifp xuat hifn kha nhilu. Tieu<br /> bieu nhu trong cdc truyfn Tudng vi huu,<br /> Khdng cd vua, Gigt mdu, Nhieng ngudi thgxi,<br /> Nhimg bdi hgc ndng thdn,... Phdn ldi kl rat ft,<br /> rdt ngdn gpn chi mang hai thdng tin chfnh v l<br /> chu till vd hdnh dfng efta chft thi. Gdn nhu<br /> khdng cd thdng tin ndo chftng td sy hilu bilt<br /> thi gidi bdn trong efta nhan vdt ciia ngudi tidu<br /> dilm hda. Ngudi tidu dilm hda thyc sy chi Id<br /> mft ngudi quan sdt, mft ngudi "quay phim"<br /> thudn tuy, "khdng bilt gi" ve tdm If cua nhdn<br /> vgt vd cung khdng biet gl hon ngodi nhftng cdi<br /> minh quan sat dugc.<br /> <br /> s l 5 (247)-2016<br /> <br /> Cung vi cdi nhin hgn chl ciia ngudi ke<br /> chuyfn, trong truyfn k l Nguyen Huy Thifp,<br /> cdi dugc ke id cdc nhdn vgt hdnh dfng, thidn<br /> vl hdnh dfng. Chfing hgn: Thu^. dng Bdng...<br /> (Tudng vi huu), Ldo Kiin. Can, Doai, Khiim,<br /> Khdm. Tdn... (Khdng cd v«a),...Dfc gid chi<br /> thdy nhan v$t ndi ndng vd hdnh dfng chft ft<br /> thdy hp nghT nggi hay cdm nh$n,...Cd nhilu<br /> truyfn ta thdy todn bf truyfn Id nhftng sy vifc,<br /> hdnh dfng, Idi ndi ben ngodi ciia nhdn v§t.<br /> Truyfn Khdng ed vua chu yiu k l vl nhftng<br /> sy vifc xdy ra trong gia dinh 13o Kiln dugc<br /> chia lam bdy mdn cdnh: 1/Gia cdnh, 2/Buli<br /> sang, 3/Ngdy gio, 4/Buli chilu, 5/Ngdy tet,<br /> 6/Buli tii, 7/Ngay thudng.<br /> Trong cdc mdn cdnh, ngudi kl chuyfn ehi<br /> tdi hifn ede sy vifc, hdnh vi vd ldi ndi ciia<br /> nhdn vdt md khdng di sdu vdo md td the gidi<br /> nfi tdm cua nhan vgt, ngudi tieu diem hda<br /> cung khdng dftng Igi dl cdm n h ^ , suy tu hay<br /> lidn tudng, phdn tich, If gidi nhftng sy kifn ma<br /> minh quan sdt thdy. Khdng cd gipng difu cd<br /> nhdn, sdc thdi tlnh cdm cd nhdn. Truyfn hodn<br /> todn mang mdu sdc khdch quan, tdi hifn Igi<br /> hifn thyc nhu nd vln cd. Ngudi tidu dilm hda<br /> cd till d^t vi trf quan sdt cda minh d bdt cft<br /> khodng cdch ndo, phuang vj ndo vd vi the sy<br /> kifn thu dugc cd vd tuai nguydn, phong phd,<br /> hSn df n nhu chinh nd dang t i n tgi v§y. VD:<br /> "Ngdy 27, ldo Kiin gdi bdnh chung,<br /> gdi mgt yen ru&i nip, dugc hdm tdm ehiic<br /> bdnh. Bdnh cd hai logi, loai nhdn dd. logi<br /> nhdn dudng. loai nhdn dudng ddnh ddu bdng<br /> sai lat nhudm phdm do." [166, tr.1031.<br /> "Ldo Kiin vd vg chdng Can di chiic<br /> Tit. Ldo Kiin mdc qudn bdo hd lao d0ng, do<br /> dg len, dgi mS ien tritm ddu. Cdn mdc bg qudn<br /> do may kiiu qudn phyc cdp uy, bd qudn do<br /> ndv mua tren chg Gidi. cd mdt vit thung & dng<br /> tay do do tdn thuSc rai vdo. Sinh mdc qudn bo<br /> nhung. do long Ddc. [Khdng cd vua, tr.l 07].<br /> Cdc cau thft nhdt d cd hai vf dy vd <br /> dlu eho thay nhdn vgt, sy kifn duge quan sdt<br /> tft xa. Trong cdc cdu sau, nhdn v^t dugc quan<br /> sdt tft mft khodng cdch gdn ban. Den logi<br /> nhdn dd, logi nhdn dudng, logi nhdn dudng<br /> duge ddnh ddu bdng sgi Igt nhugm phdm do<br /> <br /> S6 5 (247)-2016<br /> <br /> N G 6 N NGtr & B(n<br /> <br /> (VD 4) vd bd qudn do ndy mua trin chg Giai,<br /> cd mgt vet thiing d dng ttzy do tlo tdn thuoc red<br /> vdo (VD 5) till diem nhin dd trd nen rdt gdn,<br /> nhu the ngudi tidu dilm hda dang ngii cgnh<br /> ISo Kien gdi bdnh chung hay dang ti man dftng<br /> trudc lao Kiln, Can va Sinh xem hp mdc gi?<br /> NguIn glc d ddu? Ldnh hay rdeh? Tgi sao<br /> rdch?...Tuy nhidn van khdng cd mft Idi ndo<br /> md td vl till gidi nfi tam cua nhdn vgt vd<br /> ngudi kl chuyfn ciing khdng h i he If mft thdi<br /> dp, tinh cdm ndo vdi nhftng sy kifn dy. Ldi<br /> van dugc md td mft each thudn tu^ khdch<br /> quan.<br /> Trong truyfn Tudng vi huu, cung cd nhftng<br /> dogn ngudi kl chuyfn td tdm trang nhdn vdt,<br /> nhung cung vSn la nhihig quan sdt tft ben<br /> ngodi vdi nhftng ngdn tft vd sy dien dgt mang<br /> tfnh chat trung boa vl sde thai bilu edm.VD:<br /> : "Cha toi mudn d mgt phdng dudi d^<br /> nfid ngang gidng nhu m? toi. Vg tdi khdng<br /> chiu. Cha tdi buon. Viic de m? tdi dn riing, d<br /> rieng ldm dng biet riet. Vg tdi bdo: "Tgi me<br /> ldn". Cha toi dam chieu." [Tudng vi huu,<br /> tr.33].<br /> Budn, bat riet, ddm chiiu la nhihig tft kl lgi,<br /> thudt lgi tdm trgng nhdn v^t, nhftng bilu hifn<br /> cda sy quan sat tft ben ngoai chft khdng phdi<br /> Id cam nhdn, khdm phd tft bdn trong. Do dd, ve<br /> mat bilu dgt, nd cung chi nhu: ndi, cudi<br /> khdc... diln dat cdi bdn ngodi chft khdng phai<br /> cai ben trong thi gidi ngi tdm cua con ngudi.<br /> "Sy hieu bilt hgn che" cda ngudi tidu dilm<br /> hda vd ngudi kl chuyfn ve nhdn vgt nhu tren<br /> Id mft dyng y nghf tiiuft. Ngudi kl chuyfn<br /> muln ldm tdng khd ndng tfch eye trong tilp<br /> nhdn cua bgn dpc. Dfc gid phai suy nghT nhilu<br /> hon, phai tudng tugng nhilu hon,...de nhin<br /> nhdn, ddnh gia Igi sy kifn cho dftng, giong nhu<br /> cdi cdch md ngudi tidu dilm hda d da ldm<br /> vl cho ndy Id cho trdng ma ngudi tidu dilm<br /> hda vd ngudi kl chui^fn trong truyfn kl<br /> Nguyen Huy Thifp dd cd tinh ehua ra dl ddnh<br /> cho dfc gid.<br /> 2,3. Vai tro cua ngirdi ki chuydn hit sm;<br /> mdnhgt<br /> Do ludn dftng d ben ngodi cau chuyfn kl,<br /> vai trd cua ngudi kl chuyfn trong truyfn bet<br /> <br /> S6NG<br /> <br /> 103<br /> <br /> sftc md nhat, anh ta xudt hien rdt ft trong tac<br /> phdm, nhan vgt vd sy kifn mdi Id nhung yeu to<br /> noi bdt. Truyfn hodn todn chi cd sy kifn vd<br /> eon ngudi. Cdi vai trd djnh hudng, mach bdo<br /> cho dfc gid ciia ngudi kl chuyfn hit sftc lu<br /> md, neu nhu khdng hodn todn phu nhan sy ed<br /> m^t ciia anh ta. Chi phdn tieh mft man cdnh<br /> trong Khong cd vua ta da thay rd dieu dd.VD:<br /> Man cdnh budi sdng trong truyfn<br /> Khdng cd vua: 4 trang vilt md cd 8 "block"<br /> (khii) sy kifn va 74 hanh vi (hdnh vi vdt If +<br /> hdnh vi ngdn ngft), 9 nhdn vdt.<br /> (i) Block 1: 1 gid sang, Khidm ddy, di ldm:<br /> a. Ton ra khod cda; b.Dodi mdt ngu, cdu nhau:<br /> (ii) Block 2: 3 gid sdng, 13o Kiln dgy, dun<br /> ntedc pha chi, bi diin gigt, chai:a. Dodi ndi<br /> vpng ra (dap ldi chfti ciia ldo Kiln) : "...";6.<br /> Ldo Kiln chdi "...";c.Doai cudi: "..."; d. Lao<br /> Kien ldm bdm: "...";(?. Doai bdo: "...";c. Lao<br /> Kiln bdo: "..."'/. Kham rin ri: "...";g. Doai<br /> bdo:"..."<br /> (iii) Block 3: 4 gid 30' sang, Sinh dgy ndu<br /> cam; a.Cdn nhdt rau; b.Khdm bdo; c.Sinh bdo;<br /> d.Khdm bdo; d. Dodi bdo:<br /> (iv) Block 4: a.L3o Kiln md cda hdng,<br /> b.Bd ban xdi mdi ldo Kiin mtta xdi; cLao<br /> Kiln xua tay qudy quay; d.Ba ban xdi bdo;<br /> d.Cdn mdi dao, ndi:<br /> (v) Block 5: a.Com dgn ra; b.Kham xdi<br /> com; c.Sinh bdo; dKham bdo; d.Sinh bdo; e.<br /> Dodi bdo; fKham bdo; g.Doai bdo; h.Lao<br /> Kiln bdo; i.Khdm eteai; k.Lao Kiln hoi; LDodi<br /> dn xong dOng lin, vuan vai; m.Cdn cudi tiim<br /> tim; n.Doai bdng quo, o.Sinh cdi khuy do.<br /> (6). Block 6: a.An xong; b.Sinb dgn mdm<br /> bdt; e.Ldo Kiln ngdi uong nude; dKhdm<br /> chuan bi di hgc; d.Khdm bdo; e.Cdn bdo;<br /> fKhdm bdo; g.L3o Kiln bdo; hKham nhdn<br /> nhd; i.L3o Kiln md tii d l nghl ldm viec;<br /> LKhdni xdc trgm ggo.<br /> (7). Block 7: a.Sinh cdt dgn dudi bep;<br /> b.Dodi di theo, Idy cam vdo c§p long; c.Doai<br /> dua toy chgm vdo lung Sinh; d.Dodi bdo;<br /> d.Sinh liii lgi, hdt hodng:"..."; e.Dodi bdo:<br /> <br /> 104<br /> <br /> NGON N G C & D d i<br /> <br /> (8). Block 8: a.Ton xdch nude, lau san. hdt;<br /> b.Khdch ^n cdt tdc (Cdn hdi: Khach bdo);<br /> cDodi di ldm; d.Doai bdo Cdn; d.Cdn bdo:<br /> Cd the thay la ngudi kl chuyfn chdng cd<br /> vifc gl khdc ngodi vifc anh ta thugt lgi vifc<br /> nhdn vdt ldm gi va ndi gi. Anh ta nhu vd can<br /> trudc the gidi nhdn vat vd nhihig sy kifn sinh<br /> dfng ndy.<br /> 2.4. Moi quan h$ glda ngirdi ki chuy$n nhan v^-dgc gid<br /> - Ngudi ke chuyfn cd the la mpt nhdn vdt<br /> trong truyfn nhung khdng kl chuyen minh ma<br /> kl chuyfn ngudi khde. Chdng hgn, Thudn<br /> trong Tudng vi huu vira Id ngudi kl chuyfn<br /> viia Id ngudi tidu dilm hda, vfta la mpt nhdn<br /> vdt trong truyfn. Nhung la nhan vgt chi cd vai<br /> trd din chuyfn, dem cdu chuyfn ndy din vdi<br /> dfc gid, ke chuyfn ve cha minh va nhftng<br /> ngudi thdn efta minh cho ddc gid nghe chft<br /> khdng phdi anh ty thu vl minh (vi dy 3).<br /> Phdn ldn trudng hgp tmyen kl Nguyin<br /> Huy Thifp, ngudi k l chuyfn khdng phdi Id<br /> nhdn vdt trong tmyen md d ben ngoai truyfn,<br /> tftc Id ngudi kl chuyfn hdm dn. Chdng hgn:<br /> Khdng cd vua, Gigt mdu, Truang Chi, Sang<br /> jdng,...Nhin chung, nhdn vdt dugc k l phdn<br /> ldn khdng triing vdi ngudi kl chuyfn.<br /> - Ngudi ki chuyen va dgc gjd: Thdng<br /> thudng, dil ludn cd y thirc vl sy cd mdt efta<br /> dpc gia thi ngudi ke chuyfn cimg it khi ddy<br /> dfc gid ra hien trudng ctia tac phdm. Vi vgy<br /> quan hf cua ngudi ke chuyfn vd dpc gia d<br /> trong truyfn thudng Id quan hf mft chilu.<br /> Trong tmyfn ke Nguyen Huy Thifp, tinh hlnh<br /> ndy cd khac, ngudi ke chuyfn khdng nhftng<br /> ludn y thftc rd vl sy ed mgt eua ddc gia ma<br /> cdn dua dfc gia vao truyfn mft each tudng<br /> minh, dl tgo thdnh mft gipng doi thoai rat mdi<br /> md, dpc dao. VD : Trong truyfn Tudng vi<br /> huu, ngudi kl chuyfn dua dfc gid vdo eau<br /> chuyfn ciia minh, dat quan bf tryc tilp vdi anh<br /> ta ngay phan md ddu truyfn:<br /> "Khi viit nhOng ddng ndv. tdi da thdc tinh<br /> trong vdi ngiedi quen nhang cdm xuc md thdi<br /> gian dd xod nhod vd tdi dd xdm phgm den edi<br /> yin finh ndm md ciia chinh cha tdi. Tdi bugc<br /> long ldm vgy, vd xin ngudi doc ni nang nhieng<br /> <br /> S6NG<br /> <br /> S l 5 (247)-2016<br /> <br /> tinh cdm dd thuc ddy tdi viit md lugng thd cho<br /> ngdi but kem cdi cua tdi. Tinh cdm ndy, toi xin<br /> ndi trudc. Id sir binh vyce cda tdi vdi cha<br /> minh" [U.29].<br /> Quan hf gifta ngudi kl chuyfn vd d^c gid<br /> dugc thi hifn tudng minh bdng cdu chft: ngudi<br /> kl chuyfn xudt hifn tryc tiep vdi dgi tft nhdn<br /> xung ngdi thft nhdt "tdi" - vdi tu cdch la tdc<br /> gid efta dien ngdn: Viit nhOng ddng ndy, toi<br /> viit, ngoi bid kem cdi cOa tdi. Dfc gid eung cd<br /> mat true tilp vdi ede bilu thftc: vdi ngudi<br /> quen, ngudi dgc. Nhin chung, kilu niidn v$t<br /> bgn dgc xudt hifn nhu thi ndy trong truyfn<br /> ngdn Nguyen Huy Thifp khd p h i biln, ta cdn<br /> gdp d nhieu truyfn ngdn khdc: Kiim sdc, Vdng<br /> lua, Phdm tiit, Truong Chi, Mua, Mua Nha<br /> Nam, Tgi de vd trimg phat,...<br /> Nhu vdy, vai dfc gid ludn dugc d§t trong<br /> mdt cufc thogi. Dd Id "kit qud ciia mpt sy lya<br /> chpn thdm mi cd y thftc" hay "Id mft lya<br /> chpn giihi hai thdi df k l chuyfn" [Germaine<br /> Bree, dan theo Genette, 1, tr.251]. Sy lya<br /> chpn nay trudc hit Id '^ thftc dii thogi vdi dfc<br /> gid; Id quan hf hai chilu, tde dfng qua lgi lan<br /> nhau gifta ngudi k l chuyfn vd dfc gid. d ddy<br /> ngudi kl chuyfn ludn ty coi minh cd vi the<br /> ngang bdng vdi dfc gid. Dd Id "mft hlnh dnh<br /> ngudi k l chuyfn mdi md, khdc lg" [2]. Dd Id<br /> mft thdi df dii thogi thdng thdn, trung thyc.<br /> Do vdy, nhfin vgt dfc gid d ddy ludn sSn sdng<br /> ldng nghe vd tranh l u ^ vdi ngudi kl chuyfn,<br /> sy cd mdt ndy cua anh ta diing Id da chi phii<br /> ngdn ngft cua ngudi kl chuyfn.<br /> Vdi nhimg ddc dilm trdn ddy, cd thi ndi,<br /> ngudi kl chuyfn d truyfn kl Nguyen Huy<br /> Thifp la ngudi k l chuyfn khdng ddng tin c^y.<br /> Anh ta ludn nhdc cho dfc gid nhd rdng anh ta<br /> chi la mft ngudi k l chuyfn don thudn, khdng<br /> phai Id ngucn bilt hit tdt cd, vd khdng phdi<br /> mpi chuyfn anh ta kl ra day deu ddng tin e$y.'<br /> Dfc gia phdi cd nhftng suy xdt, nh|ln djnh<br /> rieng cua minh.<br /> 3. Hinh thftc bieu hifn efta nguM kl<br /> chuyfn trong truyfn ke NguySn Huy Thifp<br /> Trong truyfn kl Nguyen Huy Thifp, chung<br /> tdi thdy ngudi k l chuyfn cd ba hlnh thftc bilu<br /> hifn sau:<br /> <br /> So 5 (247)-2016<br /> <br /> N G d N NGtr & Bin<br /> <br /> 3.1. Ngirdi ki chuydn hdm dn<br /> Ddy Id trudng hgp xudt hifn nhilu nhdt,<br /> chiem 50% ting s l tdc phdm dugc khdo sdt<br /> (15/30). Ngudi k l chuyfn klidng dua mhih vdo<br /> dien ngdn truyfn kl bfing dgi tft nhan xung<br /> ngdi thft nhat, khdng thufc vdo thi gidi dugc<br /> md td, khdng cd bdt eft mli quan hf ndo vdi<br /> cdc nhdn vft trong truyfn, cd nghia Id anh ta<br /> khdng tham gia vdo ede hdnh dfng efta truyfn.<br /> Chdng hgn, ngudi ke chuyfn trong Gigt mdu,<br /> Khdng cd vua, Ddi thi md vui, Sang sdng,<br /> Httyin thogi pho phudng, Chiit thodng Xudn<br /> Huang, Ddi thi md vui,... DSy Id vj tri vd can<br /> nhdt, khdch quan nhdt efta ngudi k l<br /> chuyf n.VD:<br /> : Phong hdi bd Cdm: "Cdi con be<br /> dang vgt ldng gd kia tin Id gi, con nhd ai? "<br /> Ba Cam bdo: "Day la cdi Chiem con dng<br /> Mita". Phong hdi: "Cd phdi dng Mua hdi<br /> trudc vdn cdng tdi ra di xem diiu khdng? " Bd<br /> cdm bdo: "Phdi". Phong hdi: "Ong Mita dgo<br /> ndy the ndo?" Bd Cdm bdo: "Ong Mita ddng<br /> con ca cue ldm. Dgn thdng ba om supt chef\<br /> [Gigt mdu, tr.202]<br /> Trong suit dogn thogi, chi cd "Phong hdi",<br /> "Bd cdm bdo", ngudi kl chuyfn khdng xuat<br /> hifn bdng bdt cft hlnh thiic ngdn ngft ndo.<br /> 3.2. Ngudi ki chuyfn xung"tdi" Id mpt<br /> nhan vgt trong truyen<br /> Trudng hgp ngudi k l chuyfn tudng minh<br /> dugc thd hifn bdng dai tft ngdi thft nhdt nay<br /> khd nhilu. Tuy nhien, cai ngudi ke chuyfn<br /> tudng mmh ndy tuy Id mft nhdn vgt trong<br /> chuyfn, thufc vl the gidi dugc kl lgi nhung<br /> fliyc sy thi anh ta van nhu ngudi d ngodi cdi<br /> the gidi dugc k l Igi dy. Cho ndn anh ta vSn chi<br /> Id mft ngudi din chuyfn. Khdng ed truyfn kl<br /> ndo ed ngudi kl chuyfn tirdng minh ty ke ve<br /> minh nhu trong ede truyfn ke nfi tdm ma ta<br /> vln thudng gdp. Vf dy Thuan trong Tudng vi<br /> huu, mdc du Thudn Id mft nhdn vdt, Id mpt<br /> thdifti vien efta gia dinh trong cau chuyfn kl,<br /> ding thdi la nguM kl chuyfn ximg'idi",<br /> ' nhung Thudn chi Id mft ngudi din chuyfn. K l<br /> lgi cdu ehuyfn ve cha, ve nhftng ngudi thdn<br /> md minh quan sdt dugc chft "khdng biet gl" ve<br /> the gidi nfi tam efta hp, th§m chi efta chhih<br /> <br /> S6NG<br /> <br /> 105<br /> <br /> minh. Thuan xa lg vdi ngudi than, xa lg vdi<br /> chinh bdn thdn minh. Cdc nhdn v§t kl chuyfn<br /> xung "tdi" trong cac truyfn khdc nhu Nggc<br /> (Nhiing ngudi thg xi), l i l u (Nhirng bdi hgc<br /> ndng thdn), Nhdm (Thteong nhd ddng qui)...<br /> cung dlu nhu vdy, deu la mft nhan vgt trong<br /> tmyfn nhung anh ta chl ddng vai trd quan sdt<br /> vd k l chuyfn chft khdng kl chuyfn minh, vd<br /> "khdng bilt gi" ve the gidi nfi tdm ciia cdc<br /> nhdn vdt, kl cd thi gidi npi tam efta chinh<br /> minh. Trudng hgp ndy eung xudt hifn khd<br /> nhilu: 10/30 tdc phdm dugc khao sat, chilm<br /> 33,3%.<br /> 3.3. Ngudi ki chuyfn xung "t&i" nhimg<br /> khdng xudt hi$n trong cdu chuyfn<br /> Trudng hgp ndy ngudi k l chuyfn chi xudt<br /> hifn d phan gidi tiiifu tlnh hulng va phan vT<br /> thanh cua truyfn ho§c cd thi chi xudt hifn d<br /> phdn gidi thif u ho^c d phdn vT thanh. Thudng<br /> thi ngudi kl chuyfn kieu ndy Id kieu nhdn v§t<br /> ngudi kl chuyfn - nhd vdn (trong cdc tmyfn<br /> Kiim sde, Vdng Ida, Phdm tiet...).yD:<br /> : "Tdi, ngudi viit truyin ngan ndy,<br /> gdn day len Dd Bdc, din Tu Ly, d trong nhd<br /> mgt ngiedi Mudng. Chu nhd tin la Qudch<br /> Nggc Minh,... Viit tnyin ngdn ndy, tdi mudn<br /> di tdng gia dinh ong Qudch Nggc Minh de<br /> edm on thfnh tinh eua gia dinh ong ddi vdi<br /> riing tdi. Tdi cung xin cdm an mgt so nhd<br /> nghiin edu lich sd vd bgn be quen biet da giup<br /> tdi suu tdm, chinh li nhdng tu lifu edn thiit<br /> cho cdng viie viit vdn, vdn rdt nhgc nhdn<br /> phOc tgp, lgi budn te niia - cua tdi,..." [dogn<br /> vT thanh truyfn Kiim sdc].<br /> M§c dd xung "tdi" dl kl chuyfn nhung cdc<br /> nhan vdt nay khdng h i xudt hifn trong suit<br /> cdu chuyfn, sy xudt hifn cua anh ta ndm ngodi<br /> cit truyfn, eung Id mpt dgng khdng tham gia<br /> vdo thi gidi truyfn kl, khdng cd quan hf gl<br /> vdi cdc nhdn vgt trong tmyfn k l . Kieu ngudi<br /> kl ndy chilm It nhdt, chi cd 16,7% (5/30 tdc<br /> phdm).<br /> Tft mftc df thdm nhgp ft nhat (tmdng hgp<br /> 3.1.) din mftc df thdm iJi|ip sdu nhdt (tnrdng<br /> hgp 3.2.) thi ngudi k l chuyfn trong tmyfn k i<br /> Nguyin Huy Thifp ludn cd d§c tinh cua mft<br /> <br />