The human body

The medicinal plants combine three properties – curative, preventive and nutritive which provide the human body with necessary strength and vigour to cope with the disease and facilitate the action of the curative agents in the herbal drug. The major prevalent killers of India are cancer, diabetes, heart and liver diseases (Debnath et al., 2015).

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Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), a key cytoplasmic protein in the human body, is accountable to catalyze the nicotinamide (NCA) N1 -methylation through S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) as a methyl donor, which has been linked to many diseases. Although extensive studies have concerned about the biological aspect, the detailed mechanism study of the enzyme function, especially in the part of protein dynamics is lacking.

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Human anatomy and physiology is more than just interesting, it is fascinating. To help get the students and instructions involved in the study of this subject, a number of special features are incorporated throughout the lecture note.

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Our results illustrated that feature extracted from the averaged silhouettes which in them, the lower part of the body is eliminated are more suitable rather than those extracted from the complete averaged silhouettes.

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The result of the study will be another illustration for the beauty of language, especially when it is used under the observation of cognitive semantics and metaphor. The findings of a contrastive analysis of English and Vietnamese will be a great benefit for Vietnamese learners of English. Moreover, the deep investigation will help them improve their understanding of meanings of words denoting the Names of human body parts and get better results in reading comprehension, translation work as well as in everyday language.

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Chapter 1 - The human body: An orientation (part a). This chapter presents the following content: Overview of anatomy and physiology, principle of complementarity, levels of structural organization, overview of organ systems, organ systems interrelationships, necessary life functions,...and other contents.

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Lecture Human anatomy and physiology - Chapter 1: The human body: An orientation (part b). This part will be your lab assignment. Make sure you know your anatomical terminology, anatomical regions, body cavities, body positions and orientation.

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Why study chemistry in an anatomy and physiology course? The answer is simple. Your entire body is made up of chemicals, thousands of them, continuously interacting with one another at an incredible pace. Although it is possible to study anatomy without much reference to chemistry, chemical reactions underlie all physiological processes—movement, digestion, the pumping of your heart, and even your thoughts. This chapter presents the basic chemistry and biochemistry (the chemistry of living material) you need to understand body functions.

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Biochemistry is the study of the chemical composition and reactions of living matter. All chemicals in the body fall into one of two major classes: organic or inorganic compounds. Organic compounds contain carbon. All organic compounds are covalently bonded molecules, and many are large. All other chemicals in the body are considered inorganic compounds. These include water, salts, and many acids and bases. Organic and inorganic compounds are equally essential for life.

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Chapter 3 - Cells: The living units (part a). Just as bricks and timbers are the structural units of a house, cells are the structural units of all living things, from one-celled “generalists” like amoebas to complex multicellular organisms such as humans, dogs, and trees. The human body has 50 to 100 trillion of these tiny building blocks. This chapter focuses on structures and functions shared by all cells.

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Chapter 3 - Cells: The living units (part b). The main contents of this chapter include all of the following: Membrane transport: active processes, active transport, primary active transport, secondary active transport, vesicular transport, endocytosis and transcytosis,...and other contents.

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Chapter 3 (part c) provides knowledge of the cytoplasm. This chapter describe the composition of the cytosol; discuss the structure and function of mitochondria; discuss the structure and function of ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus, including functional interrelationships among these organelles; compare the functions of lysosomes and peroxisomes.

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This chapter provides knowledge of cell cycle. The main contents of this chapter include all of the following: List the phases of the cell cycle and describe the key events of each phase, describe the process of DNA replication.

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This chapter list the steps involved in preparing animal tissue for microscopic viewing; list several structural and functional characteristics of epithelial tissue; name, classify, and describe the various types of epithelia, and indicate their chief function(s) and location(s).

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Connective tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed of the primary tissues, but its amount in particular organs varies. For example, skin consists primarily of connective tissue, while the brain contains very little. This chapter provides knowledge of connective tissue, indicate common characteristics of connective tissue, and list and describe its structural elements.

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Would you be enticed by an ad for a coat that is waterproof, stretchable, washable, and permanent-press, that automatically repairs small cuts, rips, and burns? How about one that’s guaranteed to last a lifetime? Sounds too good to be true, but you already have such a coat-your skin. The skin and its derivatives (sweat and oil glands, hairs, and nails) make up a complex set of organs that serves several functions, mostly protective. Together, these organs form the integumentary system.

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Lecture Human anatomy and physiology - Chapter 6: Bones and skeletal tissues (part a). When you finish this chapter, you should: Describe the functional properties of the three types of cartilage tissue, locate the major cartilages of the adult skeleton, explain how cartilage grows, name the major regions of the skeleton and describe their relative functions, compare and contrast the four bone classes and provide examples of each class,...

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Chapter 6: Bones and skeletal tissues (part b) provides knowledge of bone development, bone homeostasis, homeostatic imbalances of bone and developmental aspects of bones. After completing this chapter, students will be able to: Compare and contrast intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification, describe the process of long bone growth that occurs at the epiphyseal plates,...and other contents.

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Chapter 7 - The skeleton (part a) provides knowledge of the skull. After completing this unit, you should be able to: Name, describe, and identify the skull bones. Identify their important markings; compare and contrast the major functions of the cranium and the facial skeleton.

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Chapter 7 - The skeleton (part b) provides knowledge of vertebral column and thoracic cage. This chapter describe the structure of the vertebral column, list its components, and describe its curvatures; indicate a common function of the spinal curvatures and the intervertebral discs; name and describe the bones of the thoracic cage (bony thorax); differentiate true from false ribs.

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