Tiiu ban: Mdi tru&ng vd Ndng lugng ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7<br />
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<br />
VE GIAI PHAP VA THIET BI TIET KIEM DIEN NANG<br />
TRONG CHIEU SANG CONG C Q N G<br />
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Tru-ong Quoc Thanh, Du-ong Duy Hoat, Nguyen Van Thanh<br />
Vu Thi Tuyet H6ng, Nguyen Van Thong<br />
Vien Khoa hgc nang lugng; 18 - Hoang Qudc Viet, Cau Giiy, Ha Ndi<br />
Email: thanhtq.nl(a)gmail.com<br />
Tom tat:<br />
Gidi thiiu khdi qudt mot sd gidi phdp di tiit kiim diin ndng cho chiiu sang<br />
cdng cdng. Giai thiiu chi tiit ve gidi phdp sie dung ngudn diiu chinh cdng sudt tu<br />
ddng cho muc dich tiit kiim diin ndng trong chiiu sdng cdng cdng.<br />
Abstract:<br />
General introduce about few solutions for the saving electrical energy in<br />
public lighting. Introduce automatic power controler for electrical energy in<br />
public lighting.<br />
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1. NHU>fG VAN DE CHUNG<br />
Hien nay dien nang sir dung cho muc dich chieu sang chiem ty trgng kha ldn trong co cau<br />
tieu thu dien. Ngoai viec ap dung cdng nghe chieu sang hieu suat cao de tiet kiem dien nang,<br />
thi mgt van de rat dugc quan tam la sir dung hgp ly cdng suat chieu sang cho phii hgp vdi nhu<br />
cau chieu sang. Vao ban dem, khi mat do giao thdng rat thap,viec duy tri 100%) cdng suat<br />
chieu sang la khdng can thiet. Vi vay, viec tiet giam cdng suat chieu sang trong thdi gian nay<br />
la yeu cau bat budc ddi vdi chieu sang cdng cdng hien dai. De giai quyet van de neu tren co<br />
the ap dung cac giai phap co ban sau:<br />
- Gidi phdp I: Sir dung chan luu hai miic cdng suat de giam cdng suat tieu thu cua den vao<br />
ban dem khi nhu cau chieu sang giam bdt. Giai phap nay ap dimg trong thiet ke mdi cac dir<br />
an den dudng va phai dam bao chat lugng dien ap dn dinh. LTu diem cho phep dieu khien<br />
tir xa, thiet bi ggn, tdn hao thap. Nhugc diem la gia thanh thiet bi cao, khdng dieu chinh<br />
dugc miic tiet kiem do da dugc lap trinh san, chi phi sira chiia thay the cao.<br />
- Gidi phdp 2: Sir dung chan luu phu mac them cho chan luu thudng de tao thanh td hgp<br />
chan luu hai miic cdng xuat. Giai phap nay cd the su dung khi cai tao cac tuyen den<br />
dudng dang boat ddng, phai dam bao chat lugng dien ap dn dinh. LTu dilm gia thanh<br />
ha; Nhugc diem: chi phi sira chira thay the cao, khdng dieu chinh dugc miic tilt kiem;<br />
- Gidi phdp 3: Dung 2 bdng cdng suat nhd tren 1 cot. Day la giai phap don gian hieu qua<br />
tiet kiem cao, tuy nhien chi phi dau tu cao.<br />
- Gidi phdp 4: Sir dung tu dieu khien, tu ddng cat bdt mgt sd bdng den. Day la giai phap<br />
tiet kiem hien nay dang ap dung phd bien cho chieu sang den dudng tai Viet Nam. iTu<br />
diem: Gia thanh thiet bi thap. Nhugc diem: Tao nen nhirng khoang tdi tren mat dudng<br />
khdng dam bao an toan giao thdng va giam my quan do thi.<br />
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362<br />
Hdi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Viin Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi Viet Nam - Hd Ndi 10/2010<br />
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Gidi phdp 5.- Dung thiet bi ngudn dilu chinh cdng suit tu ddng theo nhu ciu chilu<br />
sang. LTu diem: Khdng dat bat cii dilu kien gi khi lip dat, dac biet cho viing cd dien ap<br />
khdng dn dinh hoac dien ap qua cao, qua thip; Den sang dn dinh diing thdng so ky<br />
thuat cua nha san suit do cd dn ap tu ddng gdp phin tang tu6i thg den; Nhugc dilm:<br />
Gia thanh thiet bi cao hon so vdi giai phap 2.<br />
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2. THIET BI NGUON DIEU CHINH CONG SUAT TU DONG<br />
Trong qua trinh tim hieu nhu cau thuc tiln cua Viet Nam, chiing tdi nhan thiy giai phap hien<br />
thuc va phii hgp vdi dilu kien Viet Nam la sir dung thiit bi nguln dilu chinh cdng suit tu dong.<br />
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2.1 Co SO" khoa hoc cua giai phap<br />
Dac tuyen den chieu sang cdng cdng loai Sodium cao ap cho trong so dd tren hinh 1.<br />
1, s i r i n g d ^ Bdng<br />
aim 30KVA thi dimg thiit bi kilu bii cd Igi hon.<br />
Vien Khoa hgc nang lugng da nghien ciiu ca 3 loai thiit bi tren. Ddi vdi loai thiit bi kilu<br />
dien tir khi ap dung trong thuc tl phai thao cac tu bu tren den va bu tap tmng trudc thiit bi, vi<br />
vay giai phap nay bi loai bd. Doi vdi thiet bi dung biin ap tu nglu don thuin cd nhilu uu<br />
dilm vugt trdi so vdi kilu bu d cdng suit < 75 KVA -3 pha. Dac biet hien nay da dimg ky<br />
thuat chia ddng mang tai qua 3 hoac 4 chdi than cho phep nang cao kha nang tai cua thiit bi.<br />
Trong thuc tl cac tuyen den dudng chilu sang cd cdng suit phu tai phd biin < 75 KVA -3<br />
pha phu hgp vdi tieu chuin nganh dien qui dinh ban kinh cung cip dien ha thi khdng qua 600<br />
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364<br />
Hdi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Viin Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ndi 10/2010<br />
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m. Vi vay ViJn khoa hgc nang lugng tap tmng nghien ciiu va thir nghiem loai thiit bi dimg<br />
bien ap tu ngau don thuan.<br />
Nguyeri ly boat ddng: Thiet bi boat ddng tu dong theo nguyen ly biin ap dilu khiln co -<br />
dien tir, ket hgp role thdi gian de giam dien ap va ddng dien dat vao den dan din giam cong<br />
suat tieu thu den.<br />
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180V-200V<br />
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Phu<br />
220V tai<br />
(Jell<br />
OUT<br />
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a) b)<br />
Hinh 3: Sa dd diiu khiin diin dp bdng biin dp theo nguyin ly bii a) vd biin dp tu ngdu b)<br />
2.3 So do nguyen ly thiet Bi kieu bien ap ty ngau<br />
Thiet bi dugc Vien Khoa hgc nang lugng nghien ciiu che tao va thir nghiem dau tien nam<br />
2001 la loai 5 KVA - 1 pha cho 1km den dudng sir dung den Sodium 70 W tai thi xa Phii Thg.<br />
Cac nam tiep theo da nghien ciiu che tao loai cdng suat 20-30 KVA- 3 pha thir nghiem tai thi<br />
trin Quang Yen, tinh Quang Ninh (nam 2003-2004), Hul (2007) va Ha Noi (2008). Long An<br />
(2009). Trong qua trinh thir nghiem thuc te da nit ra dugc cac bai hgc kinh nghiem rat qui bau<br />
ve ket cau thiet bi va tinh nang ky thuat.<br />
Hien nay thiet bi do Vien KHNL che tao da hoan chinh ve cdng nghe va tinh nang ky thuat<br />
dap ling dugc yeu cau da dang cua thuc tien. Vien da che tao dugc role ky thuat sd dieu khien<br />
tir xa bang Remote rat thuan tien cho viec thay ddi che do thdi gian boat dgng, dac biet thich<br />
hgp cho cac thiet bi phai treo d vi tri cao.<br />
2.4 Tinh nang ky thuat ciia thiet bi<br />
Thiit bi che tao cho phep: (1) On ap tu ddng cho he thong chieu sang, tu ddng bat den khi<br />
trdi tdi va tu ddng tit den khi trdi sang; (2) Tu ddng giam cdng suat 20- 40%) vao ban dem.<br />
Ro le thdi gian boat ddng chinh xac ke ca trong thdi gian mat dien khdng phai dat lai gid. (3)<br />
Cd kha nang dilu chinh miic cdng suat theo yeu cau; Che do chuyen miic cdng suat cham cho<br />
phep khic phuc hien tugng tat den d cac bdng den gia da bet tudi thg;<br />
Dilu khiln cai dat cbl do thdi gian boat ddng ciia thiit bi bang dieu khien tir xa thdng dung<br />
ciia TV. Tuy theo do dai tuyin dudng va do ldn phu tai ma cd cdng suat thiet bi phii hgp, dieu<br />
khien phu hgp.<br />
2.5 Hieu qua kinh te<br />
Bang 1 trinh bay kit qua tinh toan hieu qua iing dung thiit bi tilt kiem dien nang cho<br />
tmdng hgp ban dem cdng suit nguon dien tang 5%, gia dien 1050 d/kWh. Ket qua tinh toan<br />
cho thiy, hieu qua tilt kiem dien nang so vdi phuong an cat bdt 50%) so bdng den la tuong<br />
duong nhau, nhung hieu qua chilu sang ciia phuong an dung tu dieu khien tu dong la hon<br />
bin. Ngoai ra, sir dung thiit bi tu ddng se dat dugc hieu qua kinh tl phu do diing den d che do<br />
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365<br />
Tiiu ban: Mdi tru&ng vd Ndng lugng ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7<br />
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dien ap dn dinh khdng vugt qua dien ap dinh miic, se keo dai tudi thg ciia den; Giam bdt nhan<br />
cdng, khac phuc hien tugng bat, tat khdng diing thdi gian quy dinh ciia cdng nhan van hanh.<br />
Bdng 1: Tinh hiiu qud ieng dung thiit bi tiit kiim diin ndng trong chiiu sdng<br />
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Chi tieu Pha A PhaB PhaC Tdng<br />
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Khi diing trirc tiep khong qua thiet bi dieu khien<br />
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Loai den NAV-T 250<br />
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Sd lugng (Cai) 15 15 15 45<br />
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Cdng suat bdng den (A) 250 250 250 250<br />
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Dien ap ngudn pha (V)= Udm +5%=231V 231 231 231 231<br />
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Coscp 0.85 0.85 0.85 0,85<br />
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Thdi gian thap sang / ngay ( gid) 10,5 10,5 10,5 10,5<br />
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Tdng cdng suat tieu thu(kW) 3750 3750 3750 11250<br />
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Tieu hao dien nang (kWh/nam) 14372 14372 14372 43116<br />
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Tien dien tra hang nam (Trieu ddng) 17246 17246 17246 51739<br />
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Khi sif dung thiet bi ttr dong dieu khien dat che do giam cong suat:<br />
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Dien nang 18h30-22h (100%C.suit)kWh/nam 4106 4106 4106 12319<br />
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Dien nang 22h- 5h (65% C.suit) kWh/nam 6159 6159 6159 18478<br />
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Tdng dien nang tieu thu (kWh/nam) 10266 10266 10266 30797<br />
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Sd tien dien tra hang nam (Trieu ddng) 12319 12319 12319 36956<br />
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Sd tien tiet kiem hang nam (Trieu ddng) 4928 4928 4928 14783<br />
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Hieu qua tiet kiem ve dien nang (%) 29% 29% 29% 29%<br />
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Chi phi diu tu thiit bi 20 KVA (Trieu ddng) 30<br />
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Thdi gian thu hdi vdn dau tu (nam) 2,1<br />
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3. KET LUAN<br />
Viec lira chgn giai phap dimg thiet bi dieu chinh cdng suit tieu thu thdng qua dilu chinh<br />
dien ap trong pham vi dac tinh ciia den la giai phap khoa hgc cd hieu qua cao<br />
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Hdi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi Viet Nam - Hd Ndi 10/2010<br />
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Hien nay, mdt sd nude tren the gidi da cd cac san pham va thiet bi tiet kiem dien nang cho<br />
chieu sang cdng cdng cd trinh do cdng nghe hien dai. Tuy nhien, do gia thanh cao, thdi gian<br />
thu hdi vdn lau dan den hieu qua kinh te thap. Dac biet khi bi sir co ky thuat thi viec sira chiia<br />
khdi phuc gap nhieu khd khan, nen chua dugc trien khai iing dung d Viet Nam.<br />
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Thiet bj lap dat tai Long An Thiet bi lap dat tai Hue<br />
Hinh 4: Hinh dnh thiit bi ldp ddt tgi cdc dia phuang<br />
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TAI LIEU THAM KHAO<br />
1. Catalog gidi thieu san phim ciia cdng ty Powertechnic Hdng Kdng.<br />
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367<br />
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