Về phát triển kinh tế biển hiện nay - TS. Vũ Thị Nhài

JljjJJ|jJ^UU-TJJj\UiJ!JJ<br /> <br /> 1. Tiem nang kinli te bien cua<br /> Viet Nam<br /> Viet Nam tuen co hdn 3.200 km bd<br /> bien, la niTdc du'ng thii' 27/156 qudc gia co<br /> bien tren the gidi, trong nhieu nam qua<br /> chiing ta da chii trong khai thac tiem nang<br /> kinh te bien, sii' dung cac nguon li/c tif bien<br /> phuc vu tich cifc cho cong cuoc phat tnen<br /> kinh te dat niTdc nhiT: Khai thac dau khi,<br /> danh bat, nuoi trong thuy san, xay diTng<br /> cang bien, dong tau bien, du lich bien...<br /> Day la nhii'ng nganh kinh te quan trong, co<br /> su'c tang tn/dng manh gop phan du'a nen<br /> kinh te phat tnen nhanh va ben vifng.<br /> /./. Ve khai thdc dau khi:<br /> Theo tinh loan, tiem nang dau khi Vie.<br /> Nam tap trung chu yeu d them luc dia, trif<br /> lifOng khi thien nhien co kha nang nhieu<br /> hdn dau va tong tiem nang dau khi u'dc<br /> KINH TE BIEN HIEN NAY<br /> TS. VU THj NHAI<br /> khoang gan 550 trieu tan dau va tren 610 ty 13,5%, san liTdng torn dat khoang 500.000<br /> Hpc vi^n Chinh tn - Hanh chinh<br /> m3 khi. Hien nay. nganh Dau khi mfdc ta tan va tang d mu'c 7,6%.<br /> Quoc gia Ho Chl Minh<br /> dang tap trung khai thac chu yeu tai mot so 1.3. Khai thdc cang bien:<br /> khu mo nhu': Bach Ho, Rong. Dai Hiing, Cong tac diT bao ve cang bien phuc vu<br /> Hong Ngoc, Rang Dong.. Dy kien den nam 2006, trong dd nuoi trong tang 16,5%; phat trien kinh te cho thay cang bien dong<br /> 2010, nganh Dau khi nu'dc ta se khai thac tir khai thac tang 2,1%. San lu'dng thuy san vai tro quan trong trong viec van tai lifu<br /> 30 den 32 tneu tan dau tho quy dtii, nham ca nam iTdc tinh dat 4,15 trieu tan. tang thong hang hoa khong chl cua Viet Nam<br /> dap li'ng cac nganh nang lu'dng va san xuat 11,5% so vdi nam 2006, trong dd nuoi ma con la nhu'ng dia diem de van tai liTu<br /> cong nghiep cua ca nu'dc. trdng 2,09 trieu tan, tang 23,1%, do tang thong hang hoa qudc te. Xuat phat tir each<br /> 1.2. Khai thdc, nuoi trong vii ddnh bat ca dien tich va nang suat (nhat la cac dia dang gia sat sao do, mdi day Thu tirdng<br /> thuy san: phitdng viing dong bang song Cu'u Long); Chinh phu da ban hanh Danh muc quoc gia<br /> Gia tri san xuat thuy san nam 2007 san lirdng khai thac 2,06 tneu tan. tang keu goi dau tiT mrdc ngoai thdi ky 2006 -<br /> (theo gia so sanh nam 1994) irdc tinh dat 1,8%. Trong dd ca chiem ty trong 74%, 2010, trong do co cac khu cang bien tong<br /> 46,7 nghin ty dong, tang 11% so vdi nam tu'dng dirdng vdi 3,1 tneu tan va tang tdi hdp ldn nhir: Khu cang tong hdp Nhdn Hoi<br /> <br /> <br /> '^^ ddng chu: "Do dac thu thanh song tren thuc te, da sd cac don v] ChQ ky sd va D]ch vu chQng thuc chQ<br /> toan tai Viet Nam nen chung toi chua ban hang ehua "man ma" ban hang ky sd, Ngh] d]nh Giao d|ch dien tu<br /> the tnen khai viec thanh toan qua qua mang, chua cd su dau tu tuong trong hoat ddng tai chinh, Ngh] d]nh<br /> mang", hodc "Hang se duoc gQi den xung. Mpt sd website ehi de quang ba Giao d]ch dien tu trong hoat ddng<br /> quy khaeh ngay khi chung tdi nhan cho kenh ban hang truyen thdng, giao ngan hang, ve can ban Viet Nam da<br /> dupc thanh toan". Vi chua ai d]nh dien chua than thien, edng eu tim du CO sd phap luat de TMDT hoat<br /> chuan thanh toan cho cac giao d]ch kiem khdng hieu qua, chuc nang dpng. Nam 2008 dupe Vu TMDT du<br /> tren mang, nen cac website TMOT thdng bao tu ddng khdng cd... khien bao se la nam cac DN tich cue dau tu<br /> thuong tu xac dinh phuong thuc thanh ngudi mua nan Idng... vao TMDT, md hinh boat ddng B2C<br /> toan neng, phu hpp vdi minh. Neu nhin lai ea mpt chang dudng, (DN vdi ngudi tieu dung) se phat tnen<br /> Co the noi, mac dau sd lieu thong thi nam 2007 la nam ban le, dat da'u song song vdi phuong thuc thanh<br /> ke cua Bd Cdng Thaong tinh den thdi an cho TMDT phat tnen bang khung toan true tuye'n. Ddng thdi, viec Qng<br /> diem nay cho thay dang co khoang phap luat hoan thien. Vdi Luat Giao dung chu ky sd trong hoat dpng<br /> 38% sd DN Viet Nam co website neng dich dien tu, Luat Thuong mai sua ehung nhan cap xua't xQ dien tu se<br /> va hon 93% so DN ket ndi internet de ddl, Ngh] d]nh TMOT va ba ngh] d]nh dupc tnen khai Qng dung rpng rai... La<br /> phuc vu cho san xuat, kmh doanh. mdi dupe ban hanh, gdm: Ngh] d]nh thanh vien cua APEC, Viet Nam dang<br /> 8 I THl/UNG MAI So 11/2008<br />  MmmM^iMML-<br /> (Binh Dinh) vdn diu ttf dtf kien 50 trieu dii de thay mot tiem nSng van chtfa dtfdc dtf bdo den nam 2010, du lich bien se thu<br /> USD; Gang container (Juang Ngai; Gang phit huy het. hut khoang 80% Itfdng khach den Viet<br /> Lien Ghieu (Da Ning) vdn dau ttf dtf kien Hien tai, nganh ddng tau cua Viet Nam Nam va chiem tren 70% doanh thu so vdi<br /> 300 trieu USD; Khu hau can Gang Sdn Tra (E ddng dtfdc tau hang chuc nghin tan; che ca ntfdc. Trong bdi canh hdi nhap qudc te<br /> (Da Ning); Gang Ky Ha (Quang Nam) vdn tao thanh cdng tau hut 300 m^/gid; lap rap vdi chinh sdch kinh te md, du khdch quoc<br /> dau ttf dtf kien 800 trieu USD; Gang dich tau hut bien cd cdng suat tren 4.000 ma ltfc, te va ndi dia se tiep tuc tang, tao thuan ldi<br /> vu dau khi Sao Mai, Ben Dinh (Ba Rja - ddng mdi va dtfa vao van hanh can cau 600 cho du lich bien va du lich sinh thdi phdt<br /> Vung T^u) vdn dau ttf dtf kien 1 ty USD; tan vdi sa lan cd kha nang danh chim de trien. Day la mot nganh cdng nghiep sach<br /> Gang thtfdng mai, khu kinh te Nghi Sdn nang ha hang tai trong 2.000 tan; tau khach can dtfdc nghien cffu ffng dung vao dieu<br /> (Thanh Hod) vdn dau ttf dtf kien 100 trieu bien 2(J0 khach, tau danh ca xa bd 600 GV, kien cua bien Viet Nam.<br /> USD; Gang tong hdp Lach Huyen (Hai tau nghien c\!\i bien, tau chd i^u 3.500 tan, 2. Mpt so van die can tap trung cho<br /> Phong) vdn dau ttf dtf kien 2 ty USD; Gang tau chd container, u noi 10.000 tan; siSfa chffa phit trien kinh te bien de co the rut ngan<br /> trung chuyen qudc te Van Phong (Khanh va che tao cac tau thi cdng cong trinh tren thdi gian ve dich<br /> Hoa) vdn dtf kien 2 ty USD, v.v.. Nhtf vay, biea.. Trtfde nhiem vu mdi vdi nhflng yeu Theo tinh than Nghi quyet 21/NQ-TU,<br /> cau mdi ddi hdi Hnh vtfc ddng tau phai tinh Hoi nghi lan thff VI ciia Ban Chap hanh<br /> neu hoan thanh se dap li'ng dtfdc khdi<br /> toan de biJt pha cho du tam canh tranh vdi Tning tfdng khod X la phan dau den ndm<br /> Itfdng hang hoa van chuyen rat ldn cho<br /> cac ntfdc tien tien ve cdng nghiep ddng tau 2020, kinh te bien ddng gdp khoang 53 -<br /> phat uien kinh te. Gd the noi day la nen<br /> phuc vu quoc ke dan sinh va phuc vu nhu 55% GDP, 55 - 60% kim ngach XK cua ca<br /> tang cho htfdng di cua mot tiem nang dang<br /> cau ciia cac ntfdc khac tren the gidi theo ddn ntfdc, giai quyet tdt dtfdc cdc van de xa hoi,<br /> sin CO can dtfdc phat huy. dSt hang. Phat huy dtfdc the manh nay, Viet cai thien mot btfdc dang ke ddi sdng cua<br /> L4. Cong nghifp dong tau: Nam se nhanh chdng trd thanh mpt dia chi nhan dan vung bien va ven bien. Muc tieu<br /> Theo dtf bao, den n5m 2010, nhu cau tin cay cho cac nha kinh doanh van tai bien. ro rang, thdi gian han dinh, chi sd la dieu<br /> van chuyen hang hoa bSng dtfdng bien va 7.5. Khai thdc du ljch bien: htfdng tdi. Van de ddt ra d day la chiing ta<br /> dtfdng song la 240 trieu tan hang. Theo phai quyet tam that cao, td chffc thtfc hien<br /> Bp trtfdng Bp VSn hod The thao va Du<br /> dd, se cd khoang 210 trieu hanh k h k h di chdt che, sdt sao hdn nffa de cd the dat dtfdc<br /> lich, Hoang Tuan Anh cho ring: "The<br /> lai bing dtfdng thuy. De moi hoat dong nhffng chl tieu ddt ra, de cd the ve dich<br /> manh ciia du lich bien Viet Nam van chtfa<br /> dtfdc sudn se thi nhu cau nao v6t, hiit trffdc 3 den 5 ndm. Day la van de ldn can<br /> dtfdc phdt huy, chat Itfdng phuc vu chtfa<br /> bQn, thi cong cong trinh bien la 60 trieu cd stf chi dao trtfc tiep ciia Dang nhtf: Hien<br /> cao, san pham du lich thieu da dang. Mot<br /> m3; phuc vu khai thic dau khi tren 40 nay chiing ta dang tich ctfc trien khai manh<br /> sd cd che chinh sich hen quan den du lich<br /> trieu tan; ddnh bit thuy hai san 1,2 - 1,3 me cdng cupc cai each hanh chinh nhtfng<br /> bien con lac hau, tao ra mpt sdrao can cho<br /> trieu tan; van chuyen khich du lich bSng trtfde tinh hinh mdi, nhiem vu mdi, chiing<br /> phdt tnen du lich bien. Gdng tdc tuyen<br /> dtfdng thuy vdi tong tai trong 60.000 tan; ta thuf nghi cd nen sdm cd mdt ddn vi dau<br /> U^yen quang bd ve du lich bien cdn han<br /> nhu cau siJa chiTa tau la 3,5 ty USD... Ghi mdi nhtf Bd Kinh te bien de dam dtfdng sff<br /> che... Dieu nay ddi hdi phai dtfdc nhanh<br /> bing ay khdi Itfdng cdng viec thdi cung menh cua Dang de ra trong chien Iffdc bien<br /> chdng khic phuc nhim dip ffng tdt hdn Viet Nam. Ghi cd nhff vay chiing ta mdi cd<br /> nhu cau ngay cang cao va da dang ciia du the cd mot bd may tap trung chuyen mon<br /> khich qudc te gdp phan tang ctfdng khdch de gan ket va thiic day sff phat trien cua cdc<br /> tich CQC ung hd "Chuong trinh hanh du lich tau bien vao Viet Nam. bd nganh, cac dia phffdng cd nhffng Enh<br /> ddng chung" ma khdi ndy dd dua ra ve<br /> Rieng nam 2007 dtfdc coi la nam thanh vtfc, nganh kinh te hen quan den bien de<br /> thuc hidn "Thuong mai phi giay td" vao<br /> cdng ciia^ loai hinh du lich tau bien vdi thiic day manh me qud tiinh hien thtfc hod<br /> ndm 2005 ddi vdi cdc nudc phat trien<br /> khoang 300.000 du khdch, vtfdt xa mffc ky dtfdng ldi ciia Dang vao ddi sdng.<br /> vd ndm 2010 ddi vdi cac nudc dang<br /> phdt trien. Vi$t Nam cung tich cQc luc 224.000 khdch ciia nam 2006. Gdc DN<br /> Trong trtfdng hdp chtfa cd Bd Kinh te<br /> tham gia vdo Id trinh tQ do hod cua Iff hanh ldn lien tuc ddn nhffng doan khdch<br /> bien thi mpi viec cd the vin dtfdc tien hanh<br /> Hiep d|nh khung e-ASEAN vd thuc du lich tau bien tff 500 -1.000 ngtfdi. Ddc<br /> le te theo Hnh vtfc, theo nganh nghe va neu<br /> hi^n theo "Cdc nguyen tdc chi dao biet, vdi viec ddn 1.700 du khdch tren du<br /> cd nhanh thi mot quy hodc thdng mdi cd<br /> TMOT" ma cac nudc trong khdi dd thuyen SuperStar Libra, Saigontourist la<br /> the ngdi ciing nhau nhdm hop ban giai<br /> thdng qua. Chinh vi the, hod nhdp va DN Iff hanh dau tien ddn nhan stf trd lai<br /> quyet cdc van de ddt ra rdi cdc y kien khic<br /> theo k|p cdc nudc trong tien trinh hpi hoat ddng hanh trinh dinh myen tai Viet<br /> nhau vi ldi ich cue bp se lam tri tre, cham<br /> nhdp vdi the gidi ndi chung va trong Nam ciia hang tau bien Star Gniises, sau<br /> qud trinh chien Itfdc nay.<br /> marketing trQc tiep ndi rieng, dang va hdn 3 ndm tam ngtfng. Gty Du lich Tan<br /> se tiep tgc ddt ra nhu mdt nhu cau cdp Hdng ciing da phuc vu khoang 50.000 2.1. Bg mdy delht/c hien nhiem vu;<br /> thidt cho Vi0t Nam • khach trong ndm 2007. Theo cdc so heu Bp mdy de quan Iy kinh te bien c y<br /> - 11/2008 I 9<br />  j'J!j]JJ^jJ'jUU^TiJjliJiJDJ<br /> <br /> hu tudng Chinh phu<br /> trong giai doan hien nay la rat can.<br /> Chi khi cd bd may chuyen trach cac mang<br /> cdng viec cu the nhtf phin tiem nang da<br /> neu thiet nghi cac cdng viec, stf hdp tac,<br /> tao dieu kien thuan ldi cho tau khich nffdc<br /> ngoai vao Viet Nam Itfu tni theo mua hay<br /> theo dinh tuyen...<br /> 2.3. Ngtion nhdn liic phuc vu cho du<br /> T da ban hanh Quyet<br /> dinh sd291/2006/QD-<br /> TTg ngay 29/12/2006 ve viec<br /> phdi hdp giffa cac dia phtfdng vdi Bo Kinh Phe duyet De an thanh toan<br /> lich bien: khong dung tien mat giai doan<br /> te bien mdi dam dtfdng dtfdc sff menh dat<br /> Tap trung cho viec thffc hien thang ldi 2006 - 2010 va dinh hUdng den<br /> ra. Bo may nay cd chffc nang nhiem vu gan<br /> chien Itfdc kinh te bien, chiing ta can cd nam 2020; ngay 24/8/2007 Thu<br /> sat vdi cac van de ve phat tnen kinh te xa<br /> chien Itfdc ngay tff bay gid vdi stf tap trung tudng Chinh phu ban hanh Chi<br /> hpi cua cac tinh cd hen quan. Bd may nay<br /> cao do de dao tao nhieu hdn nffa dpi ngu thi sd 20/2007/CT-TTg ve viec<br /> cd trach nhiem xay dtfng cho dtfdc cac tieu<br /> can bd ttfdng lai se dam nhan cac cdng viec tra lUOng qua tai khoan cho cac<br /> chi ciia Id trinh diu ttf phat tnen cac nganh<br /> lien quan den phat trien kinh te bien. Ngudn do'i tUOng hudng lUdng tiJ" ngan<br /> miii nhon tff bien. Khdng cd bo may nay thi<br /> can bo nay khdng chi d trong ntfdc va ntfdc sach nha nUdc; theo do viec chi<br /> chtfa the ndi den cdng tac dieu tra, nghien ngoai. Dai dien mot sd hang tau bien qudc tra lUOng ciia cac ddi tupng tren<br /> cffu, quy hoach, ke hoach keu goi diu ttf te deu cd nhan xet cho rang, ngudn nhan ltfc dupc thuc hien qua cac giai<br /> phat trien, trien khai cac viec hen quan cho du lich cua Viet Nam cdn han che ve doan tU ngay 1/1/2008 d cac<br /> den chien Itfdc bien e se cham va hieu qua tnnh do, ky nang cdn yeu, nhat la vdi dac thanh pho' Ha Npi, Ho Chi<br /> chtfa chac da dat cao. thu du lich bien, mdt loai hinh hoat ddng Minh, mot sd thanh phd ldn,<br /> 2.2. Tao cd che chinh sdch cho phdt thtfdng mang nhieu qudc tich khac nhau vi khu cong nghiep, khu che xua't;<br /> trien kinh te Men: vay rat can htfdng dan vien biet nhieu ngoai X\i ngay 1/1/2009 ddi vdi cac<br /> Chiing ta da la thanh vien ciia WTO va ngff Theo dd la stf phdi hdp ngudn nhan ltfc tinh. thanh pho' con lai. Day la<br /> do dd chiing ta se phai cd nhffng cd che, phuc vu giffa cac dia phtfdng. giffa cac DN mot trong nhu'ng giai phap<br /> chinh sach phii hdp vdi qudc te, nhat la ITnh trong ket ndi tour. Tuy nhien, vanrfengudn nham han che khd^i lUdng tien<br /> vtfc lien quan den bien dang gan ket phat nhan ltfc chtfa the khac phuc dtfdc ngay. Vi mat trong lUu thong; gop phan<br /> trien manh me vdi tat ca cac qudc gia cd vay, chien Itfdc phat tnen ngudn nhan ltfc phong chong tham nhiing. lang<br /> bien tren the gidi va qua Itfu thong hang dang la van de ddi hdi cap bach, phai dau ttf phi; ddng thdi tao dieu kien cho<br /> hoa bang dtfdng bien chung ta cd them mot va thiic day nhanh. cac td chii'c cung Qng dich vu<br /> kenh phat trien kinh te day tiem niing chtfa 2.4. Vdn de tuyen truyen, quang bd thanh toan cung cap cac dich vu<br /> phat huy het. Vi vay, trtfde mat, chiing ta hoqt dong kinhte bien: thanh toan vdi cong nghe hien<br /> can tap trung xay dtfng cho dtfdc chien Itfdc dai, lam nen tang de phat trien<br /> Trong tat ca mpi loai hinh hoat ddng<br /> tong the, chien Itfdc cho tffng nganh, linh thUOng mai dien tQ. dap u'ng<br /> deu phai tien hanh tdt cdng tac tuyen<br /> vtfc. Chien Itfdc phat trien dd phai nham nhu cau da dang ngay cang<br /> truyen quang ba de dan biet, dan ban, dan<br /> day manh cdng tac nghien cu\i, hoc tap, kiem tra. Nhat la vdi mot htfdng di tap<br /> cdng tac tiep thi ddi vdi thj trtfdng qudc te. trung nay. Viec tuyen truyen phai thiet<br /> Chi phi cho hoat dfing<br /> Ve mdt khach quan nhin nhan cho thay, thtfc. di sau lam ro de cdng chiing hieu<br /> chfi'ng tham nhung<br /> hien nay chiing ta van ton tai mot sdcd che, muc dich, muc tieu va hieu qua se dat dtfdc<br /> chinh sach hen quan den phat trien kinh te ddi vdi ddi sdng nhan dan, ddc biet la Ban chl dao phbng, chong tham<br /> bien tai cac nganh. Hnh vtfc khong cdn phu nhffng ngtfdi dan gan gan vdi bien. Quang nhiing cdc tlnh, thdnh true thuoc<br /> hdp, hieu qua, hieu lu'c cdn chtfa cao. Vi du ba d day, mdt mat khang dinh sff phat trien Trung Udng dUOc mua tin phuc vu<br /> nhtf linh vtfc du lich bien, dd la thdi han Itfu diing dinh htfdng, mot mat chffng td rang dih tra vdi miic toi da Id W trieu<br /> tni cho khdch dtfdc quy dinh la 5 ngay, tiem nang ciia ta la rat nhieu va tff dd mdi, dong/tin. Tnfdng hop phdi mua cao<br /> nhtfng nhieu tau cd nho, cd Id trinh d Viet keu goi cac nha diu ttf tiep tuc vao dau ttf hem, trudng ban chl dao cdp tlnh se<br /> Nam dai hdn 5 ngay dang la van de can thiic day nhanh tien do de sdm dtfa cac chi xem xet, quyet dinh miic chi. Khi to<br /> sdm dtfdc xem xet. Viec thu le phi cang tieu dat ra ve dich sdm hdn. chiic cdc cuoc hop ve cong tdc<br /> bien, cam cac loai hinh vui chdi giai tri sau Thiet nghi nhffng van de neu tren neu phdng, chong tham nhiing do ban<br /> 12h dem... khien cho cac dich vu phuc vu dtfdc moi ngtfdi cung ban se nhanh chdng chl dao cdp tlnh chu tri thi miic chi<br /> ddi ttfdng khach nay trd nen ngheo nan, chon ra dtfdc nhffng giai phap tdi ffu de cho ngUdi chu tri cuoc hop la<br /> ddn dieu. Theo dd la van de mien visa hay thtfc hien thang ldi Nghi quyet 21/NQ-TU, 100.000 dong/buoi; cdc dai bieu<br /> giay phep du lich cho khach du lich tau va theo dd chiing ta cdn cd the day nhanh khdc 70.000 dong. Day Id noi dung<br /> bien den tff nhffng th] tnrdng tiem nang. cd dudc tdc do phat trien kinh te, nit ngan Thong tu so20/2008m'-BTC do Bo<br /> chinh sach dieu chinh mffc cang phi canh dtfdc thdi gian da de ra, hieu qua mang lai Tdi chinh ban hdnh •<br /> tranh hdn so vdi cac nffdc trong khu vtfc, cho ddi sdng xa hdi la rat thiet thtfc •<br /> 1 0 1 THI/DNG MAI 36 11/2008<br />